Chapter 10
Design for Survival---Plus
2In substantiation of the assumption that the problem must be adequately stated at the outset, it is noted that many plausible prefabricated house designs have been tendered to the public through the press as allegedly suitable for mass production. The public credit has been repeatedly short-circuited and the new fuse of design initiative blown out. It is seen that the original presentations included but meager or no means at all for the distribution, erection, movability, maintenance and minimum economic occupancy as inherent components of the design and as direct responsibility of the producers.
3 Every time the total logistic involvement of the prefabricated house designs have been put to economic test appropriate to the respective prototypes, the original design concept of these houses has been found to be inadequate. Deficit financing has been required in afterthought or as an emergency measure to offset original inadequacy of concept (for instance, the significant scope, magnitude and nature of the project in the historical scheme of events).
4 To avoid bankruptcy of the projects, the deficit financing had either to be provided by the original private backers, a diminishing credit resource, or, most recently, by a federalized angel, that is, government financing by reconstruction loans.
5 When government finance is invoked, the vital factors affecting survival of the project pass into the realm of politics and out of the area of scientific measurement. Application of the vast social credit to prenatal design of industrial embryos constitutes short circuit just as thoroughly as if there had been ‘‘private failure.’’
6 Political hedging of ‘‘social’’ finance requires the administration of the funds by compromises inherent in bureaucracy reflecting the enactor’s re-election dependence upon the favorable probabilities in the direction of preponderant incredulity, boredom, ignorance, inertia and mediocrity.
7 First flight by man could not have been the product of socialized development. Would-be flying devices suitable for political credit prior to first flight by man must of necessity exploit irrelevant monopolies in inertia—too heavy for flight. So important an evolutionary event (as successful flight by man) may only be won in principle from the potentials of universe through a complex interaction of a plurality of initiatives daringly taken by individuals. Self-sustained directional control of air-borne man represents the integrated product of a fabulous history of personal investment by innumerable individuals in daring sequences of single-handed and necessary failures, attendant upon undertakings only warrantable to the individual himself.
8 Integration of a complex of series of failures represents the only means of attaining from nature the original data essential to realization of evolutionarily tactical events. Not even the most benevolently motivated private or public accrediting can circumvent the vital events of acquisition of knowledge by man regarding critical factors and limits of variables governing his self-determinable evolutionary mutations.
9 In retrospect, it is easy for all to see how the myriad historical events of individual initiative in mathematics, chemistry, physics, mechanics, semantics, good faith, etc., have led up to realization of all the components of that complex invention, the airplane. Historians and parents teach children as though it had always been obvious that yesterday would lead to today. But we, the living, are always in tomorrow’s yesterday, and in our tomorrow’s yesterday percolate remotely all the vital undertakings of individual initiative destined to series of failures out of which will emerge the vital data on critical limits and variables, the which trickling, then running to many confluences, must flow ultimately to merge with the ocean of obvious environment into which the new life, continuously taking all that has gone before for granted, is born. It is a corollary that the tendency of man to invest only in seemingly ‘‘sure’’ things constitutes economic suicide. Sure is the prohibited direction of the return to yesterday. Compoundingly, it is evidenced that social reinvestment of earned evolutionary advantage in only ‘‘sure’’ things brings systematic suicide of whole socio-economic systems.
10 Prefabricated-house undertakings have to date been analogous to the designing of a telephone as constituting only a toy accessory independent of a communication network, wired or wireless, and the network’s generating and maintenance services. The ‘‘toy’’ concept expanded into industrial economics reveals irresponsibility and incompetence at the research and design level.
11 Housing is inherently the last and largest physical preoccupation of industrial development, because it represents the sum of all historical advantages integrated into a new magnitude of extension of the ecological dimensions of man. Why have the prefabricated designs been irresponsible and incompetent? It is because consideration of the total logistic involvement was initially deferred or ignored, or ignorantly missed in the ‘‘gold rush’’ attempts to exploit rather than to process scientifically the potentials of the greatest historical realization of the principles of the industrial advantage—conversion of world weaponry to livingry systems.
12 Logistics is concerned with the total energy involvements. In the language of the most eminent spokesman for the pure science aspects of logistics, total energy involvement is stated as E = mc2. E = mc2 reads: The physical universe is energy, and total energy is disposed in inseparable, yet reciprocal transformations of principle—as, for instance, mass and velocity (of light). The reciprocals of velocity are further interpolated by man into time and space and matter interactions. The science of logistics converts all its energy formulas to ultimate range and frequency of hitting power at earth crust or immediate vicinity. Pure science as represented by Dr. Einstein, although dealing in the identical components of an all-energy universe as applied to astronomy, did not originally contemplate the conversion of the formula to ‘‘hitting power.’’
13 Now the same original data regarding transformation of all-energy universe may be translated into a third equation, that of human ecology. We are familiar with this potential in the language of capital and income investment in the myriad economic factors of man hours, kilowatts, tonnage and machines. But it should be an obvious requirement of scientific integrity that the formula cannot be effectively applied except in the terms of a comprehensive design which holds all reciprocal factors in continuous review and organizes them as a total system.
14 The original Einstein formula, expanded into its everyday industrial-social applications, must of necessity, involve breakdown into a multiplicity of reciprocal components. Of course businessmen and industrialists have not thought of their undertakings as attempts to ‘‘expand the Einstein formula into everyday economics’’ and would vehemently deny the possibility. But translated expansion of the fundamental Formula of Physical Universe is nonetheless involved in the scientific pacing of industrial evolution.
15 It is common fallacy to attempt simplification of the total formula by dropping out seemingly minor components of the expanded expressions. It is a theory of management to thin out the comprehensive into seeming discontinuities, where isolation breeds quick familiarity by simplified occupation. It is an inevitable hazard inherent in the advantage of industrial specialization that the specialists in remote components tend to offset the over-all advantage by appraising the function of one another as irrelevant. The challenge which we are taking up is that of competent reintegration in design of the expanded fundamental energy equation. If technologists now lack confidence in scientific method as applied to man’s housing, that too is a component of the original adequate statement of the problem.
16 After original statement of a priori general principles of industrialization comes the establishment of a comprehensive family of working assumptions unique to the specific problem. For example, we may assume as a most comprehensive statement of the negative aspect of the problem housing, the assertion of Edward Stettinius, written immediately after he served as Secretary of State of the United States, and as Chief of the U. S. Delegation to the charter convention of the United Nations, and contained in a letter to the author—to wit: One third of the human family is now doomed to premature death due to causes arising directly from inadequate solution of the housing problem. This statement is pointed up by a 1948 U. N. report stating, there was a net catastrophic war loss of fourteen million homes, the families for which still exist. There were additional millions of homes demolished by war but the families were lost with them.
17 This catastrophic loss is in addition to the evaporation of housing capacity in Europe as a result of a rate of population increase greater than new building velocity, aggravated by obsolescence and deterioration of pre-industrial crafts, etc. It is authoritatively stated that there is no means of solving this catastrophic problem within the life span of the people involved. This one European category of ‘‘unsolvable’’ housing problems alone accounts for one hundred million of the eight hundred doomed millions of the world as indicated by Stettinius. When this and other appropriate comprehensive assumptions of controlling factors and objectives of the program have been adopted, we next define the governing principles, as for instance the functions of: (1) The Industrial Complex, (2) Science, (3) Engineering, and (4) Design, each predicated on measured behavior and not upon wishful theory.
18 Functions of Industry
19 The following is typical of the family of definitions of principles which together comprise the Industrial Complex: Industry means tooled-up organization of effort into teamwork of specialized functions, which interact to provide total survival means and values for man superior to the sum derivable from individual effort. For example, if each of the sixty-nine million employed citizens of the U.S. attempted to budget his time in such a manner as to single handedly produce his family’s total needs in foods, bolts, clothing, education, news, transportation and communication, etc., without lowering the performance standards of their living conditions, he couldn’t do it in the ultrasplit second apportioned any item. It is seen that if the individual found it necessary to support his family singlehandedly, he would be forced to lower the standards of required performance to a minimum, so as to allow continuity of effort within any one category adequate to fulfillment of the natural processes of each category. This obviously precludes the availability of the higher standards of survival performance that accrue to the coordinated patterns of more deeply penetrating special knowledge and continuity of experimentation and production in the complexedly tooled industrial advance.
20 It is quickly seen that industrialization is not to be considered only as a form of prosaic commercial exploitation but also as a mathematical principle inherent in the universe. This principle, which is most typical of industry, I have identified as the principle of synergy. The functionings of industry are inclusive.
21 Function of Science
22 Typical of our working definitions as applied to science is: the function of science is to prospect for total society by taking the universe apart, that is, resolve it into primary factors and elements by progressive isolation and subsequently to obtain precise measurements of the behavior characteristics of the isolated events or components.
23 For example, science isolated the phenomenon fire from extraneous factors, and by isolating the constituent events and the product of events discovered that fire is not in itself an element but an accelerated combining process of a newly recognized primary element, that is, oxygen, combining with carbohydrates in ever-constant arithmetical proportion. Thus the isolation of the fire caused the subsequent isolation, recognition and naming of the new elements oxygen and hydrogen, and provided behavior measurements of the latter, by which man could predict events of combustion in such a way as to make combustion an accurate tool of technical advantage. As water and water vapor are H2O events, the comprehensive event was a precise mathematical process. This was the beginning of purposefully produced steam as a tool. The steam engine was a victory of chemical science, not of mechanics as we have popularly supposed. However the functions of science ended with the separating out of the newly discovered elements from the universal matrix and with the measurement of the unique behavior characteristics of the respective elements (it being the unique behavior that constitutes elementality). It is readily seen that the present invocation of science to put together again the world it has taken apart, is futile in principle. Summarizing, it is the essential function of science to take the universe apart and measure the parts and sort them into usable categories. The functioning of science is exclusive.
24 Functions of Design
25 It has been demonstrated that the function of design in society is to make original assumptions for the schematic employment of the appropriate behavior characteristics of selected items of the by-science-separated constituents of the universe and to apply the new degrees of potential advantage to the evolutionary problems of the process broadly defined as ‘‘man.’’ This combining of the potential and the problem by design is possible because the many events of the process ‘‘man’’ have also been separated out and measured by science. Though man’s ego claimed a permanence exempt from all natural processes of his environment, he has come to an embryonic realization of the inter-penetrating extent of the psycho-physiological processes with the dynamics of the organic and inorganic environment. Rather than being a purposeful static thing, he is now a purposeful dynamic process. In summary, design puts together combinations of special behavior elements to arrive at special advantages for the special ‘‘process man.’’ It is through design that man has evoluted to his present extended manipulation of environment. The functioning of design is comprehensive.
26 For example, in design synergism we discover that while chromium has one set of behavior characteristics, and nickel and iron still others, the association of the three in unique mathematical proportions provides a combined behavior pattern of superior performance in resistance to tension and impact in contrast to the behavior of any of its constituent parts (while also preventing oxidization of the iron, that is, its combustion). It can be seen that the principle of association of special categories of behavior to effectuate desirable synergisms is indicated not only in the definition of our principle, industry, as human teamwork, but also as a principle in itself governing both organic and inorganic factors. This is why we define synergy as a generalized principle. Design must imagine and discern, assume, purpose and attempt articulation, in as synergetic a manner as possible. Design, however, cannot guarantee its results. Borderline or failure-point activity provides pivotal data for the exploratory designer.
27 Failure in design is honorable; in science and engineering it is found to be a mark of incompetence, and failure in politics and finance is ruinous. It can be seen that when finance and politics have authority with the management of design, they continually want to terminate progress because in applying self-perpetuating traditional standards they disqualify the designer in the very practice of the qualifying phenomena that might measurably increase total human wealth. In short, design represents the point where man sticks his neck out and first attempts to use his scientific potential.
28 In connection with the concept of the designer’s sticking his neck out on behalf of society to increase commonwealth, we are in need of a clear definition of wealth, for we do not mean that the designer should stick his neck out by issuing his own coinage. We define wealth as the organized degree of accountably tooled-up of forward controlling of environment and metabolic process requirements of men by man. Livingry considered as a multiple-purpose tool embodies the major wealth factors. As livingry is comprehensive to wealth, the deterioration of systematic means of livingry constitutes deterioration of wealth and signals termination of predictable controls of forwardly necessary circumstance livingry events—ergo, chaos. Design-improved livingry increases wealth.
29 Functions of Engineering
30 The behavior pattern of engineering indicates that it functions not at the original design level, but as an inverted phase of science. Engineering is the judicial authority that never assumes the initiative but decides and proves the assertions of science and design. Engineering thus establishes reliable data on the failure limits of complex associations and also measures the new synergetic behavior characteristics discovered by design initiative. Thus, engineering rapidly places on inventory comprehensive data pertaining to the known behavior characteristics of complex associations previously undertaken by design. These complex associations may be broadly defined as alloys, structures, mechanics, processes and services. It is a function of engineering to provide society with reliable predictions as to the behavior characteristics of complex designs predicated on competent experience. Engineering, then, consolidates the net gains of science and design in the industrial complex. Gains are design intuited synergies.
31 The Psychological Weather Is Favorable
32 It must be emphasized that there need not be any inferiority complex in tackling livingry in highest principles—that is, inferiority regarding popular, financial or political support. In fact, there ought not be any inferiority at all. We might go further and say: ‘‘If any inferiority is in evidence, failure is certain.’’ Only the most daring elevation of the sights can possibly hit the vastly ranging target.
33 The target is vast in range because it involves upping the standards of living for people all over the world with such acceleration as to avoid world disaster inherent in the general, self-eroding chaos to effect a premature death for one third of the human family. As with controlled missiles, it is better to launch the projectile vertically until it gains enough altitude to be directed with minimum effort and maximum precision to its omni-directional target.
34 In support I wrote in 1949, ‘‘It is to be noted that the next war will be the first in all history in which there will be no front. It will be total, controlled from anywhere, and missiles may be remotely launched and guided to any target. The man controlling the missile will be located alongside the man making the missile and alongside the men who are feeding and housing the men making and guiding the missiles. Front, home, factory unify as livingry, a dynamically expanding, improving human ecology.
35 ‘‘Because science is universally permeative, the probability indicates offensive parity in a total war of controlled long-distance missiles. Therefore, it is mathematically probable that the winner will be that side which has the most effective defense. Effective defense is spelled out in terms of superior degrees of deployment ability—from vulnerable magnitudes of population concentrations. (For instance, as stated February 9, 1949, by the U. S. National Resources Planning Commission, cities of fifty thousand and under are too small for economic expenditure of enemy-hitting power.)
36 ‘‘When the population concentrations of animate and inanimate components of the industrial complex are reduced below ‘payoff’ magnitudes in offensive strategy, the battle is won (temporarily, for we now know life to be dynamic and progressive), that is, ‘‘checkmate’’ is called. At this tactical event, the checkmated, while racing to uncheck through adequate degrees of decentralization, may cover with a counter-offensive by calling out: ‘I have a new missile available in far larger numbers, which may be expended economically on hitherto invulnerable population concentrations.’ Obviously, the progression, checkmating and counter-checkmating, will be one of increased technical ability to fire economically at smaller and smaller population concentrations. And, inasmuch as the defensive tactics represent the upper hand to be maintained in the dynamic equilibrium of ever-impending shooting totality, the winning technique must devolve upon superior deployment of higher standards of living facility—livingry.
37 ‘‘These principles of the strategy are well known to both sides.
38 World Industrialization: Its rate of attainment as an industrially objective advantage to individuals. For example, when 100 inanimate energy slaves* are in continual active service per each and every family existing in governing economy and those energy slaves are primarily focused upon regeneratively advancing standards of living and in articulating amplifying degrees of intellectual and physical freedoms.
3940w One energy slave equals each unit of one trillion foot pound equivalents per annum'1 consumed annually by respective economies from both import and domestic sources, computed at 100% of potential content.
41 Have and Have-Nots chart by the author
42 Model of the Dymaxion 4-D House in Chicago, Illinois, 1927
43 Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion 4-D Automobile was featured at the 1934 Chicago World’s Fair
4445Dymaxion bathroom (420 lbs.)
4647Dymaxion Deployment unit (DDU), (4,000 lbs.) built in 1940-41. It was planned as a major housing facility in the United States, but military metal priorities caused it to be abandoned. The DDU was actually used on the Persian Gulf as radar shacks and desert dormitories for American personnel.
4849Fuller house (6,000 lbs.) in Wichita, Kansas
5051Parts used to build the Fuller house in 1945. They were designed to rest together and no one part weighed more than ten pounds.
52 Surpine Geodesic Structure, Black Mountain College. It was constructed from Venetian blind ribbon.
53 Tensegrity Integrity Tetrahedron, built by Francisco della Sala.
54 Looking up at the Geodesic Dome in the Ford Motor Company Rotunda Building, Dearborn, Michigan
55 Tension Integrity Sphere (40 ft., 1,000 lbs.), Princeton University
5657First Airlift of a Geodesic Dome, Orphan’s Hill, North Carolina, 1954. It was flown at 50 knots without yaws.
5859The author’s proposed air-conditioned Geodesic Dome, two miles in diameter, that would cover midtown Manhattan.
6061Sky Eye-300-foot Geodesic Dome harboring a radio telescope
6263Exterior skin of Geodesic Dome (36 ft., 450 lbs.), University of Minnesota project at Woods Hole, Massachusetts
6465A 90-Strut Miniature Tension Integrity Sphere, Princeton University
66 This 31-foot Geodesic Sphere (3,000 lbs.) was atop Mt. Washington, i New Hampshire. It withstood 182 mph winds and did not ice up during a two-year test.
67 The author’s comprehensively finite Topology chart
6869A 42-foot covering for a swimming pool in Aspen, Colorado
70 Interior of a dome in Kabul, Afghanistan. The Afghans compared Fuller's dome to a Mongolian yurt and claimed it as indigenous architecture.
71 Exterior of United States Pavilion in Kabul, Afghanistan. It was assembled by native Afghan labor in forty-eight hours.
7273United States Exhibition at the Canadian Universal and International Exhibition, Expo ‘67. R. Buckminster Fuller/Fuller and Sadao, Inc./ Geometries, Inc. Associated Architects. The United States Pavilion was a Geodesic Skybreak bubble, 250 feet in spherical diameter and 137 feet high. The bubble encloses a volume of 6,700,000 cubic feet and has a surface area of 141,000 square feet. The space frame configuration is the result of a sustained program of testing and refinement in order to produce a lightweight frame of minimum visual obstruction. The structure is a prototype ‘‘environmental valve’’ enclosing sufficient space for whole communities to live in a benign physical microscosm. Montreal, Canada, 1967.
7475Seventy-foot diameter, eight-frequency truncated aluminum pan. Geodesic 5/8 sphere. Pan sides make I-beams. Manufactured by students at Kumasi University of Science and Technology, Architectural Department, Accra, Ghana. Assembled at Accra, 1967.
76 For the first time in history, livingry has been tacitly advanced to the front ranks of logistic priorities. In all past wars, housing has been the one item with no priorities. Housing has never had priority even in the peacetime offensives of exploitation of the land.
77 ‘‘Housing has always been bulked up from the residual and unwanted surpluses, that is, of low performance residues. For example, farm housing was built of the wood and stone first cleared from the land for the priority event of planting of seed to impound the sun wealth increment as food energy for the annual needs. The agricultural sun energy increments constituted the essential wealth augmentation of man in the past with frequent excesses to be traded for participation in the industrial complex. In every instance, war or peace, housing involved making the best of a poor deal. The wood, though valuable as a chemical resource for high performance constituents, such as alcohol, pulp or rayon, made a poor housing material in its performance against fire, termites, bacterial rot, etc. The uses for which wood was specifically needed in housing represented wood’s performance characteristics at the lowest order of magnitude.
78 ‘‘In America, it is evident that as a result of the entirely new emphasis on defensive supremacy inherent in housing, the latter has been advanced to higher priority brackets. Accelerated production of housing is, of course, needed for an obvious peacetime function, to augment the population increase and to replace annual losses (in addition to floods, earthquakes, fire, tornadoes, etc.), the total velocities of which known practices have now proven inadequate to solve. However, beyond its historical function, housing is now required to deploy the whole of the population and instantly; not just to the outskirts of present cities but in deep decentralization upon the unbroken land, far beyond the practical limits of extension of the grouped, piped and wired supply systems. World rehousing or a new service industry of livingry for the peoples of the world, is implicit in the trends to accommodate accelerating range and frequency of oscillations by man between the interacting functions of deployment and concentration characterizing the evoluting industrial complex. This means new livingry for three billion persons within decades. Yet before World War II the largest production of single-family or deployed dwellings ever produced in one year by the U. S. was two hundred eighty thousand houses in 1925.
79 ‘‘Obviously, an entirely new use of the scientific potential must be made by the designers to amplify at least one-hundred-fold the velocity of the cubage to be put under livingry control annually.
80 This advance of housing to military priority is augmented by its concomitant advance in political strategy. The unique result of the first four post-war years during which man has given himself realistically to total thinking is that the political will of the majority, as expressed by the United States, has been resolved into one paragraph and surfaced through the political mechanics to eventual announcement by former President Harry S. Truman under the slogan of ‘a fair deal for all the world’ and specifically to be realized by ‘converting the scientific potential to upping the living standards of the world through technology.’ The significance of its intent may be detected by the fact of its announcement in the face of the epochal reorientation of approximately one third of the human family to alignment with Communism in China.
81 ‘‘This epochal event was a result of the expiration of the theory of the absolute power of money. In the total scene, with a third of the human family doomed through the inadequacies of housing, it was discovered that it is senseless to dump billions of dollars into Europe or China. These sums of money are merely digits stripped of immediate survival reality. The fact that thousands have died in China from exposure alone, not counting those dying of starvation, neutralizes any help sent in the form of food or money. They needed a shield from the ravages of the elements. People are corrupt only when no emergency threatens. They will not dive for gold or jewels when the ship is sinking in mid-ocean.
82 ‘‘They abandon intrinsics for functionals in the supreme test. They will only dive for buoyant objects. In the present world emergency the advantages of the industrial complex represent the only buoyant object which the people of the world know may effect their rescue within their durable limits. They know there exist accelerating factors of technical advantage within the present potential of the industrial complex that are adequate to cope with their plight. But, they know the industrial complex must be harnessed to world-wide advancement of living standards and at the logistic magnitude and velocity of total war—if their rescue is to be effected.
83 ‘‘The military reconnaissance party has taught the peoples of the world how the vast potential of the industrial complex may be explored to effectuate specific advantages and also how dramatically effective its logistics can be under emergency requirements. As, for instance, it clambered out of the sea as giant metallic monsters to climb the beaches of the amazed inhabitants of Pacific Islands, laying flat the trees and lands of those unconsulted world citizens, and putting out magic, mile-long carpets in the jungle upon which descended metal birds larger than whales in unending flow, from all of which emerged simple human beings who took the little jungle boy for a ride and gave him a Coke and sandwich. This, said the jungle boy and the people of the world, is the way to handle affairs.
84 ‘‘Through the Truman proclamation ‘fair deal for all the world,’ democracy then put the world on notice that it was reorienting individual initiative and enterprise as well as the sum total industrial complex toward fulfillment of the doctrine of universal right to survive. This constituted a complete reorientation of democratic precedent. It removed primary survival from the laissez faire doctrine of ‘survival only for the fittest.’
85 ‘‘Russia has in the past, in conformity with broad historic precedent, continued its housing in the non-priority category and has focused priority on industrial requirements of the offensive. Russian engineers, interested as early as 1929 in potential commonwealth gains of the Dymaxion House, could not utilize its benefits because housing had no priority in any of Russia’s first five of the successive five-year plans. Everything pertaining to industrial supremacy was on high priority and the upping of housing standards was continually deferred until the completion of the expected ‘next’ military conflict.
86 ‘‘It was reasoned by them that sixteen million people were in excess of any food or work accommodation and were unavoidably scheduled to die. ‘We have an overabundance of people and trees.’ Therefore, the surplus old people were doomed and treated as national heroes. If they willed, they could live out their lives in contrivances of the surplus wood designed in the most ignorantly satisfying traditional architecture, despite the latter’s incongruity to modern engineering and science which pervaded Russia’s industrial frontiering. In the race for world-wide industrial supremacy, which moved education by necessity to top priority, Russia upped the literate percentage of its total population from the world’s lowest in 1917 to the world’s highest by 1940. But, to do so, it also wiped out sixteen million aged or hopeless illiterates.
87 ‘‘Russia has now put the world on notice that it, too, intends to apply the industrial complex to upping the standards of living. However, seeking to avoid inference of luxury, Russian official newspapers demand that Soviet industry produce more household gadgets for the housewife in order to free her time, energy and intellectual initiative for augmented factory output. There had always been a need for this greater efficiency in Russia, but, political priority had once focused such efficiency only upon the direct needs of ‘‘the next war’’ and its immediately supporting heavy industry.
88 ‘‘Thus the cold war swung to popular persuasion by propaganda of world peoples that: the practical objectives of the warring factions each holds greater promise of realization of economic salvation and subsequent advancement because the principle of industrialization is uniquely fostered by their respective political systems. The biggest guns of this cold war exchange eventually must be a barrage of production of scientific dwelling machines, as constituting the comprehensive package of higher livingry standards. Thus there would be world economic preoccupation with competitive fostering of the new phase of worldwide industry—livingry. The upshot of this new preoccupation is progressive reduction of probability of further shooting wars.
89 ‘‘During World War II, the entire Russian industrial organization moved twice eastward over great distances. Since World War II, it has been moved once more. The exact location of Russia is no longer known. Without precise knowledge of geographical location, the expenditure of long-distance controlled missiles cannot be afforded. This works both ways.
90 ‘‘As Russia has already incepted the third deployment of industry, it will have to deploy its population to serve this industry, while at the same time eliminating its vulnerable population densities. Russia will need high standard housing and housing mechanics on a vast scale to effect this deployment. Therefore, for the first time in history it is evidenced that housing has been advanced from a non-priority status either in war or peace to high priority position in both. Our sights for scientific research and livingry cannot be set too high. We need one quarter of a billion autonomous dwellings of high standard mechanics at once!
91 ‘‘Walter Reuther, president of the United Auto Workers, once urged the Congress and the nation in general to inaugurate the production of twenty million houses within the country’s aircraft plants. Though an enormous advance of the target magnitude in housing production (from the then-annual craft record of two hundred eighty thousand), Reuther’s figure represented but eight per cent of the total world re-housing program implicit in the now visible trend. The realization of these facilities from the universal potential involves a magnitude of wealth-making not only hitherto undreamed of, but one adequate to the total world commonwealth needs for centuries to come.
92 ‘‘To many, such an acceleration in building velocity would seem impractical, incredible. However, during the first week of March, 1949, the following were among the technical accelerations which had occurred: our children’s toy auto speed record had been upped from one hundred and forty-eight miles per hour to three hundred and ten miles per hour; and as a six-year-old child with a walkie-talkie relayed his commands by remote control to his mechanically propelled airplane model, the grown-ups circumnavigated the globe in non-stop flight in ninety-four hours. And the species, man, jumped twice as high. We do not mean that he increased his high-jump record from the six-foot range to the twelve-foot range, but that he jumped his advanced vehicle, the rocket, from a one-hundred and twenty mile height to a two-hundred and fifty mile height. In keeping with the new stride, the astronomers announced that the inspectable range of universe had been doubled, that is, to a distance of one billion light years—an eight-fold volumetric increase.
93 ‘‘Only those research and development activities which can effectively employ billions of dollars can possibly engage the public credit. Q. E. D.’’