21 THE 4D LETTERS PATENT

21  THE 4D LETTERS PATENT

2My invention relates to buildings and the erection thereof and includes among its objects and advantages the application of mass production methods facilitated by changes in the building itself of such a nature as to make its completed parts capable of convenient transportation.

3 In the accompanying drawings.

4 Fig. I is a front elevation of a two-story house according to the invention.

5 Fig. 2 is a central sectional view to the same house.

6 Fig. 3 is a plan view of the frame work supporting the second floor.

7 Fig. 4 is a detail section on line 4--4 of Fig. 1.

8 Fig. 5 is a floor plan of the first floor of the house.

9 Fig. 6 is a plan of the second floor of the house.

10 Fig. 7 is a detail section indicating one method of assembling a corner joint between the panels forming the outside wall.

11 Fig. 8 is a vertical section of the outer edge of the ceiling of second floor and roof.

12 Fig. 9 is a similar section of the outer edge of the floor of the second floor.

13 Fig. 10 is a similar section of the outer edge of the floor of the first floor.

14 Fig. 11 is a section on line 11--11 of Fig. 8 chiefly in plan view.

15 Fig. 12 is a section on line 12--12 of Fig. 10.

16 Page 2.

17 Fig. 13 is a vertical section of the partition forming the ceiling of the first story and the floor of the second story.

18 Fig. 14 is a vertical section of the central column in a plane at right angles to that of Fig. 2.

19 Fig. 15 is a section on line 15--15 of Fig. 13.

20 Fig. 16 is a side elevation.

21 Fig. 17 is a pfan view of a unitary one-piece bathroom.

22 Fig. 18 is a section of a floor construction.

23 Fig. 19 is a section of a construction for an inside partition.

24 Fig. 20 is a section of a construction for an outside wall.

25 Fig. 21 is an enlarged section through the outside connection of the ventilating system.

26 Fig. 22 is a side elevation of an improved type of beam.

27 Fig. 23 is a section on line 23--23 qf Fig. 22.

28 Fig. 24 is a section of a fitting for the end of a beam of Fig. 22.

29 Fig. 25 is a detail horizontal section through a vertical wall structure.

30

31Page 3.

32FOUNDATION

33 Referring now to Figures 1 and 2 it will be seen that in the embodiment of a building according to the invention selected for illustration, the only foundation required is'a central concrete housing or caisson 10 penetrating only a short distance below the surface of the ground and requiring a relatively negligible amount of excavation before pouring.

34

35SUPPORT

36This caisson is surmounted by a central mast indicated as a whole by the reference character 12. At the level of each floor or ceiling, this mast is the center of a plurality of radiating members in the form of load-carrying beams supported at both ends. Referring to Fig. 3, which shows the supporting framework for the second floor in plan view, the end plates 14 are each provided with five receiving sockets for the metal tubes 16 radiating to the ends, and the similar side plates 18 carry the sockets for four similar metal tubes 20 radiating to the sides of the house. The tubes 16 and 20 are braced and united at their outer ends by a peripheral rim 22 in the form of a tube having openings for receiving the tubes 16 and 20. These openings are elongated as indicated at 24 in Fig. 12 to accommodate tubes entering at various angles, and.a short lip or lug 26 projects from the edge of the hole both above and below the tube 20 to provide a better bearing surface. Each tube is braced and stiffened by a tension rod 28 held in spaced relation at the center of the span by a strut 30. This tension member may be connected by suitable turn-buckles 32 to a U-shaped clevis 34 passing through a transverse bore in the end of tube 20.

37Page 4.

38The frame at the level of the ceiling for the second floor differs from that just described in that the tube 36 may have much thicker walls because it carries a heavier load. It also extends i n to receive the tie-rod 38 in a vertical bore. (See Fig. 8). The tie-rod 38 not only brings up the weight load from the first and second floors but anchors the rod 36 against endwise movement with respect to the peripheral rim 40. The rim 40 differs from the rim 22 in receiving the rods 36 on its horizontal center line, and in having a separate cast section 42 where it receives the rod 36 fastened in alignment with adjacent portions 44 by a snugly fitted inserted plug 46 at each end of the casting. The casting carries a short tubular portion 48 receiving the tube 36 and 50 on either side of this tubular portion afford connections for relatively heavy tension rods 52 connected at 54 to the central column.

39Page 5.

40The frame at the level of the first floor may be identical with that at the level of the second floor except that the rim 56 is somewhat narrower in radial dimension to accommodate a different side wall construction. It is also vertically apertured where it receives each bar 20 to receive the lower end of a tie-rod 58 passing through the rim and also through a vertical bore in the end of the rod 20. The upper end of the tie-rod 58 is connected through to the lower end of the tie-rod 38 by a casting 60 having hooks 62 through which the ends of the tie-rods pass. It will be apparent that the weight load on all the beams at their inner travels directly down the column 12 to the caisson 10. A portion of the floor load from the first floor will be carried up through tie-rods 58, through the casting 60, through the tie-rods 38 to the end of the cantilever truss bound by beams 36 and tension rods 52. A portion of the floor load on the second floor will be carried by the casting 60 and up through the tie-rods 38 to the end of the truss formed by the tension members 52 and beams 36. It will thus be apparent that the entire weight of the house and its contents may be supported by the central caisson 10.

41Page 6.

42 SIDE WALLS

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44The side walls illustrated in figures 1,2, 8, 9 and 10 comprise flat thin panels each in the form of a sheet metal grill 64 with cross pieces about one foot apart and insulating and protecting panels 66 inserted in each opening. Where the panels are transparent this amounts to a window structure. It will be obvious that they may be made translucent or that they may be opaque ana ot a color laenticai with the metal frame so as to present a uniform appearance to the eye.

45Figures 8, 9 and 10 are sections in a vertical plane just to the right of the sliding double door in Fig. 1. Over this portion of the front wall of the house a single panel is mounted. The edge of the sheet metal frame is crimped together at 68 and spot-welded to an edging 70 having a plurality of apertures to enable it to take over a set of short studs 72 along the upper edge of the rim 40. By tipping the panel outward from the position shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 the studs 72 may be readily slipped into the holes and the panel is then permitted to swing down to the position shown.

46Page 7.

47At the second floor level the panel is held against outward movement by a simple tie-bolt 74 and wingnut 76, taking over an anchor 78 on the rim frame for the second floor.

48At the level of the first-floor I first mount an additional panel 80 on the sill 56 in precisely the same way as the main panel is mounted on the sill 40. The panel 80 extends downward a few feet and its edge may enter the ground for appearance sake and to keep animals out of the space between the first floor and the ground. It carries no weight. The lower edge of the main panel is connected to the sill 56 by additional tie-bolts 74 precisely as at the second floor. Between each panel and the members against which it rests, I interpose a packing. I have illustrated flat strips of pneumatic tubing 82 laid in place between the sill 40 and the upper edge of the main panel; between the sill 22 and the middle portion of the main panel; between the sill 56 and the upper edge of panel 80; and between the upper edge of panel 80 and the lower edge of the main panel. After the parts are in place, inflation of the packing will clamp everything firmly together.

49 At the right side of the house illustrated in Fig.

50

511,1 show a second story panel having its lower edge at 84 and a different first story panel having its lower edge at 86. I n this portion of the house the joint beside the sill 22 will be precisely analogous to the joint shown beside the sill 56 in Figure 10.

52 Page 8.

53 At the left side of the house shown in Fig. 1,

54

55I have illustrated a separate window panel hanging from the sill 40 and having its lower edge at 88. The next unit is a short panel having its lower edge at 90 and below that is the panel for the dining room or grille having its lower edge at 92. Such a construction permits complete removal of the panel terminating at 88 in warm weather, leaving this upstairs room open to the air and enclosed by a railing made up of the panel with its lower edge at 90.

56 The adjacent edges of the panels may be simply battened together. In Fig. 17 I have illustrated a corner batten comprising an outer strip 91 with a central rib 93 to receive the fastening screws for the inner strip 95.

57

58The side wall unit illustrated in Fig. 20 has panels 94 differing from the panels 66 in having their edges concave as at 96. Each pane or panel 94 is enclosed in a fabric edging drawn in around wire hoops 98 on each side and then out again, much as a piece of fabric for embroidery is drawn in a stretching frame. The free edges of this fabric edging 100 may be used to tie each pane to the adjacent panes by stitching the edges of the edging strips together as at 102. Before this is done pneumatic tubing 104 is laid between the opposing edges of the panes and connected to a suitable inflation valve. After a plurality of such panes have been united to form a large panel, the introduction of air under pressure into the tubing 104 will brace and stiffen the structure into a semi-rigid panel which can be mounted and fastened in place in the same way as the panel illustrated in Figs. 8,9 and 10.

59Page 9.

60 FLOORING

61

62To build up a floor suitable for use I first run a mesh of tension wires 106 (See Fig. 3) over the load carrying beams 16 and 20. These wires may be made up of a single strand arranged in a spiral. Above these wires (See Fig. 18) I stretch a sheet of canvas or heavy tarpaulin 108. A plurality of pneumatic floor mats are provided with a module of three feet in plan view. Thus an ordinary mat will be three feet square in plan view, although units six feet square or three feet by six or nine feet may readily be employed. The pneumatic mats illustrated are about one inch thick and held to a flat shape by tension cords 110 suitably embedded in the rubber lining 112. The whole rubber unit is encased in a fabric sheet 114 of heavy canvas.

63To build up the floor, the entire surface of the tarpaulin 108 is covered with mats and suitable rugs or matting 116 are laid on top of the pneumatic mats. This provides a floor surface ready to walk upon. I n the construction of Fig. 15, the matting 118 is made up in units three feet square and laid over a corrugated metal panel 120 of the same size to make up a unit panel of flooring. The wires 106 are bowed to a catenary curve by laying strips 122 between the wires and the panels of flooring, and the positioning of the panels on top of the wires and strips completes the floor.

64Page 10.

65 INSIDE PARTITIONS

66

67The inside partitions between the rooms may be of construction identical with the panels of Fig. 8 or Fig. 20. I have illustrated a pneumatic partition made up of a plurality of rubber tubes 124 encased in a fabric sheathing 126 to form a unit not unlike the body protector worn by a baseball catcher. A flat and ornamental tapestry surface may be given to such a partition by enclosing the entire unit in a fabric bag having walls 128 of tapestry of such other material as may be desired for a proper decorative effect within the room. Obviously, where the partition sub-divides two rooms of different kinds, the surfacing 128 may be of different sorts on opposite sides of the bag. Thus one side might be a light blue tapestry suitable for a bedroom, and the other side might be a white waterproof oilcloth or linoleum suitable for a bathroom wall. The sides of the bag may be brought together at the top and stitched to form a welt 130 by means of which the wall may be suspended in place.

68Page 11.

69 In any surface I may secure a snug assembly by the instrumentalities illustrated in Fig. 25. The tightening means comprises a pneumatic bladder 135 in a flexible protecting casing having the flat shape indicated in dotted lines before inflation. One or more of the vertical joints between adjacent panels 137 may have a tightener slipped in place. After the panels are set in place, the inflation of the tighteners will set up a snug gripping engagement at all the joints. By varying the inflation the dimensions of the joint may be varied. In this way by using several tighteners standard units may beset into spaces just large enough to receive them, or expanded to fit properly in larger spaces.

70 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

71 Referring now to Fig. 5,1 have indicated a central storage space for the power plant and service units at 132 on the first floor level inside the column 12. Access to this space is from the garage through a door at 133. The revolving front 134 may open into a space at 136 serving as a hallway and means of access to the front stairway 138. This area may or may not be partitioned off from the grille located at 140. For the grille I have indicated an L-shaped table 142 and a unitary kitchen unit 144.

72 Page 12.

73 The kitchen unit may be assembled at a central point or factory, complete and ready for use except for connecting to local gas and water pipes, etc. It comprises a floor panel, two modules on each side, with vertical supporting surfaces at 146 and 148, which extend to the ceiling and carry the upper storage cabinet indicated at 150. At customary levels all the units necessary for complete kitchen or grille service are built into place. These may include an oven 152, stove unit 154, dishwashing machine 156, worktable 158 and sideboard 160.

74 I have indicated a living room 162 extending all across one end of the house. In addition to the usual pieces of furniture, this room may be provided with a combined unit 164 including a radio receiving set, a motion picture machine, a dictaphone and steel safe for valuables, a phonograph and television receiving set and any other desired conveniences.

75 I have indicated a garage space 166 where a car may be stored. The vertical distance between floors is such that additional storage space for trunks and the like may be made available by having a false floor 168 (See Fig. 2) movable vertically by means of hoists 170 in the garage. This can be lowered to provide easy and convenient access to trunks and the like supported thereby, and then raised to a sufficient height to afford ample clearance for the storage of a car beneath the same.

76 Page 13.

77 SECOND FLOOR PLAN

78 Referring now to Fig. 6,1 have illustrated a second floor that may be made up to have four bedrooms and two baths. From an appropriately positioned load carrying beam 36 I suspend a rigid partition 172. This partition forms pari of a complete unit assembled as such at the central point or factory. The unit includes two beds 174 and 176 foldable into a vertical position out of the way or out into the positions indicated in Fig. 6 for use. The partition also supports the wardrobes 178 and other suitable units 180. such as dressing tables facing the bathroom at 182. It will be noted that above the second floor level the central mast changes from a box section to an H section providing the space at 182 inside the H into which may beset the bathroom unit indicated in Figs. 16 and 17. This is a one piece unit including a side wall 184 extending to the ceiling level: a bath tub 186 beside the side wall, a toilet scat 188 and the lavatory 190. All this is preferably assembled with a special flooring unit extending out to the position indicated in dotted lines at 190 in Fig. 6 and sent out from the factory ready to be set in place, and when set in place ready for use except for connecting up piping. The space between the corner bedrooms at the front and rear of the house is occupied by the front stairway 138 and the rear stairway 194, both of which are semi-circular; and by utility units located at 196 and 198 with a hall between to afford means of connection between the bedrooms. Where a single family occupies the entire house, one of these units may be a laundry unit comprising a dryer 199 (see Fig. 2) and complete washing and ironing equipment at 201, and the other might be a miniature carpenter shop or radio laboratory for the children. Where two families occupy one house both units may be laundry units. I n connection with a laundry unit in such a location, I prefer to employ overhead rolling doors 200, in front of the utility unit and sliding doors 201 at each end of passage across in front of the rolling door. These doors may be arranged so that when they are both thrown open the laundry unit and the space in front of it constitute a separate enclosure shut off from the bedrooms on either side.

79 Page 15.

80 POWER AND SERVICE

81 The central mast 12 is of a size that can readily be shipped and transported on a railroad car or a motor truck. It has built into it at the central point or factory practically all the equipment indicated in Fig. 2 except for some minor items such as the reflecting surfaces for the lighting system and the liquid for the storage batteries 203, which might interfere with handling during shipment. The preparation of the terrain involves only a very little leveling and the installments of the caisson 10 with a fuel oil tank 202; a septic tank 204; and a pipe connection at 206 running down to a well or to the city water supply. The mast has built into it the upper section 208 and the piping and tanks associated therewith. I have also indicated a Diesel engine 210 direct-connected to an electric generator 212 and connected by a belt 214 to a counter shaft 216 from which the air compressor 218 and any other desired power machinery equipment may be driven. This unit is fastened into the mast by braces 219, and shipped out with the mast.

82 WATER

83 The single water inlet at 208 may be connected through at pump 219 and a water softener 220 and a heater 222 to a mixing valve 224 provided with a by-pass 226 around the heater. The mixing valve may readily be connected to the bathroom unit to deliver water at any desired temperature for the bath tub and lavatory. A side tap at 228 may provide unsoftened water for drinking, hair washing and for the toilets.

84 Page 16.

85

86LIGHT

87It will be noted at the outset that the roof and side walls disclosed may be constructed to admit many times the light now available in an ordinary dwelling. The artificial lighting system indicated includes a powerful central light 230 level with the ceiling of the second story just above a conical reflecting surface 232 shaped to reflect light horizontally just above the ceiling panels 234 of the second story. These ceiling panels are translucent or semitransparent and above them I mount a series of reflectors 236, each reflector extending down a trifle lower than the one next it and nearer the source of light. I n this way the flood of light emanating from the reflector 232 is distributed over the entire ceiling panel and sheds a diffusing light through the rooms below. Shutters 238 have been indicated for cutting off the light to any portion of the second floor, so that each room has its own selective light control. These shutters may be combined with colored glasses making it possible to change the color and intensity of the illumination at will.

88A similar central lighting unit including the light source 240, reflector 242 and control-shutters 244 is provided at the level of the floor for the second story and the light is distributed by reflectors 236 which may be identical in construction and function with those for the upper story.

89 Page 17.

90

91The top of the central mast is surmounted by a cone 246 provided with a serrated lens structure 248 for focusing sunlight in the space immediately above the reflector 232 where a considerable amount of the same will be reflected out against the reflectors 236. A shutter 249 in the ceiling of the bathroom may be removed to permit a flood of almost direct sunlight to shine directly in. The roof may be built of transparent vacuum panels 250 supported by battens 252 so that a flood of sunlight may pass through and illuminate the translucent ceiling 234 of the entire upper story.

92Page 18.

93 VENTILATION AND CLEANING

94

95The house is provided with power means, indicated as an electric motor 254 driving a fan 256, for generating throughout the house.

96The circulation for the upper story is from the fan downward to the level of the lighting units 237 and 232, (which will be cooled by the circulation of air over them and incidentally afford an appreciable amount of heat for the house) and then out through louvers 258 into the space above the second floor ceiling 234. From here it passes downwardly through a large number of small apertures indicated at 260 in the form of a descending bank or slowly moving mass to the level of the floor. From the floor level it is withdrawn through the apertures 262 in the sill 22 (see Fig. 9) and passes back at 264 through a conduit defined by the flooring for the second floor and by a horizontal baffle or partition 266 separating the space between the ceiling for the first story and the floor for the second into two levels. The baffle or partition 266 may readily be held at the proper level by connections at 268 (See Fig. 15) with the struts 30. The air returning under the floor passes up at 270 through the double walls of the mast to the extreme top at 272 where it is deflected inwardly and returned to the suction side of the fan 256.

97Page 19.

98Additional air from outside may be mixed with the air circulating in the building at this point. Referring to Fig. 21,1 have illustrated a box 274 mounted at the outer edge of the upper end of the passage 270. The lower edge of the box may be in the form of a flap 275 manually adjustable about the hinge 277 by control connections 279. Horizontal tubes 281 extend outward from the box 274 to discharge air into the outer atmosphere. The cone 246 is continued over the box 274 in the form of a shelter plate 283 through which the tubes 281 pass. The air ejected through the tubes 281, may be replaced by an influx through a suitable chemical air gas filter 285. This filter may operate under ordinary conditions to eliminate traces of sulphur dioxide, odors from stock yards, or other undesirable contamination in the air. It may also be constructed so as to be easily changed over to function as a protection against poison gas. The air entering through the filter passes upward around the tubes 281 and in between the box 274 and the cone 246 to the exhaust side of the fan.

99The rotation produced by the fan 256 will throw such solid particles as may be brought up by the returning air stream to the outside of the baffle or dust guard 276 to accumulate in a pile at 278 from which the accumulation may be removed by flushing at infrequent intervals through the outlets 280. In winter weather when the air is dry it may be moistened by the spray 281 which also washes down the accumulated dust.

100Page 20.

101The circulation for the lower story is identical in principle with that just described for the upper. The air from the pressure side of the fan 256 passes down the central portion of the H as indicated at 282 in Fig. 14 and then horizontally out between the baffle 264 and the ceiling 284 for the lower story. It leaves the rooms through the apertures 286 in the sill 56 and passes back under the flooring and above the lower baffle or cover 288 and upward at 290 to join the air returning from the second story at 292 (see Fig. 2). The lower cover 288 should have the sam'e thermal insulation properties as the side wall panels.

102It will be apparent that the floors of both the first and second stories are subject to a continuous removal of dust and dirt by the air passing out through the apertures 262 and 286. For cleaning I prefer to employ a pressure system. Referring to Fig. 2, it will be noted that the air tank 294 has been connected by piping 296 to an outlet 298 on the first floor and a similar outlet 300 on the second. These terminals may be quick detachable coupling units such as those employed by the Alemite and other systems for dispensing fluids, and the housewife may clean the floor or furniture simply by coupling a length of tubing to the nozzle of the air pressure connection and blowing all the dust and dirt on the floor through the apertures 262 and 286 to be carried up and deposited in the dust accumulators 276.

103 Page 21.

104

105In cold weather it will be found most advantageous to add the necessary heat to the air circulation indicated at the top on the suction side of the fan 256. The lights at 238 and 240 may supply all or nearly all the heat necessary even in ordinary winter weather. I have indicated an auxiliary heating means in the form of a coil of piping 302 adapted to be connected with the exhaust pipe of the Diesel engine 210, or with any suitable steam generator or the like.

106In a dwelling intended for quick and easy transportation and erection and subsequent moving from place to place with relatively great facility, the weight of the structure itself becomes a significant item. Referring to Fig. 2,1 have illustrated a beam for use as one of the beams 16 and 20 of Fig. 3 or as part of the central mast in case the mast is a built-up structure. The beam comprises a tube 304 of relatively large diameter so as to get the metal as far as possible from the neutral axis. To avoid too large a cross-section of metal, it may be necessary to make this tube with a very thin wall. I have illustrated a valve 306 by means of which the tube may be inflated with air at relatively high pressures. The tube may carry a relief valve 308 at the other end adapted to open when, as in the case of fire, some temperature rise raises the pressure above the bursting strength of the metal. The necessary load carrying connections at the ends of the tube may be provided by metal heads 310 having sockets 312 shaped to fit the end of the tube.

107 Page 22.

108

109Where such a beam is to support flooring or carry the weight of a suspended partition, it may be provided with additional stiffening and attachment means in the form of radial fins 314 of which I have illustrated three in Fig. 23. The edges of these fins may be braced against buckling by thin sheet metal shields 316 cut away as at 318 for lightness. Such units can be made materially lighter and easier to handle and ship than an ordinary beam or truss.

110Another weight-saving expedient is indicated in Figs. 6 and 14. The floors of the utility units 196 and 198 have beveled shoulders at 320 to abut shoulders 322 on the bathroom units. All four units are hung on the mast 10, as by attachment means at 324 (see Fig. 16). The abutments at the bottom provide complete alignment means for the units independent of the mast. The partition 172 may abut the outer edges of the flooring of the bathroom units 182 and be supported primarily by a tension connection at 326 so that the weight of the partition 172 and associated parts will cause it to bear snugly against the bathroom unit. The concentrated load may be carried by an auxiliary tension member 328 running direct to the point of attachment 326.

111Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully explain the gist of my invention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt the same for use under various conditions of service.

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114

115

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21.0.1  FROM R.B.F.TO JOAN TAYLOR BOYD, JR. (ARCITECT, NEW YORK CITY.) 6/15/28.

118I am enclosing a copy of a letter to my father-in-law, Mr. Hewlett, which is self explanatory. It would seem to be the only possible move, or at least the only one involving the present architectural profession to its advantage. Russel Walcott while quite approving of the attempt to turn 4D over to A.I.A. is dubious of their ability to mobilize to the extent of being able to handle it. Pierre Blouke and C. E. Farrier of Parsons, Bennett & Frost, are of the same mind. They are afraid that there are too many ‘‘old timers’’, habit-bound, who would not be able to comprehend the idea.

119 I am confident that with the cooperation of the ablest *writers and speakers whose minds are exercised to the extent of being able to grasp the idea, the controlling members of the Institute may be prevailed upon to carry it through in some manner or other.

120 There will, of course, be the ingrown fear of monetary contamination, which is responsible in a great way for my having written such a long paper at the beginning.

121 For over six months prior to writing my manuscript, I carried out an interesting experiment, based on much previous organization and management experience. I formed a complete paper 4D company, with all departments, etc., books, diarys, et al, which I proceeded to run exactly as if it were a real company.

122 It takes many days to see new ideas from their opposite side. While interviewing bus manufacturers, steel companies, etc., the arguments would come up. I tackled clergymen, and every type of person and I found that, heavy or not, the paper had to be written as the first contact. My letter to Mr. Hewlett answers your comment on the standardization remarks, and other points. *You for instance. This makes a good pro & con magazine debate. Should or should not the A.l.A. accept.

21.0.2  FROM R.B.F. TO MR. ARTHUR HOLDEN, ESQ., 232 MADISON AVE., N.Y.C. - 6/15/28.

123♦*1 received a clipping today from my brother Wolcott who is an engineer with the General Electric telling of ‘‘A house the shape of a baseball of glass being built on a reinforced concrete post, in which is the entrance door’’, by a professor Birkenholz in Munich, Germany. The ball is 70 ft. in diameter. It is however built on the post, not hung from it. The advantage claimed is that of ground saving.

124 Please write to me soon. Magazine and news articles are daily stealing the thunder of novelty from us, which, no matter how W. H. Thompsonish it may be, is extremely powerful, and the end would seem to justify the means in our 4D housing.

21.0.3  FROM R.B.F. TO MR. JEAN TOOMER, AUTHOR, DEARBORN MANOR HOTEL, CHICAGO. - 6/15/28.

125Attached is a copy of a letter to Mr. Hewlett, my father-in-law, whom, I think, is one of the finest artists today. The letter is self-explanatory. I should like to see you to discuss it, the 4D paper, as well as other ideas, before you get away for Europe.

126 Russell Walcott gave me your address this afternoon and I shall leave this for you. We might arrange supper, or lunch, or a walk. I walk the length of Lincoln Park at least once a day.

127 Thought you might be interested in the clipping. Re ‘‘the significanc of Jean Toomer’’. I am more in sympathy with R. Munson than with Mr. Mencken’s book reviewer. You might be interested in the article by Floyd W. Parsons Times and Trends in the Saturday Eveing Post of this week, which covers many current economic events, but, as with all these fellows, it reveals absolutely no progression. They take all the trouble to gather a fine fund of facts and, if anything, bury the moral, rather than reveal it.

21.0.4  TO R.B.F. FROM AVERY H. PIERCE, EVANSTON. ILL. - 6/17/28.

128

129

130(Constr. Eng. philosophy student - ex-football player Northwestern Univ. - Mr. Pierce mentioned in papers from time to time for military, athletic and scholastic leadership. (This letter typical of comment by. and general feeling of young people studying 4D).

131Please let me take this opportunity to extend my thanks to you fur being able to have your treatise on 4D homes in my possession. 1 consider myself lucky to have you think so kindly toward me.

132 It brings to my mind a piece of fiction which 1 read three or four years ago; H. G. Wells ‘‘Men Like Gods’’. In it several ‘‘Earthlings’’ were by chance brought into the future Earth, or ‘‘Utopia’’, as conceived by Mr. Wells. At that time I thought it a most absurd fantasy. But now, after reading your paper, 1 can see that, without a doubt, Mr. Wells’ dream has been realized and it is only a matter of time until we ‘‘Earthlings’’ pass from this ‘‘Age of Confusion’’ into that preconceived realm of eternal light.

133 You have even gone farther than Wells, and have brought the idea into a concrete and workable plan. I am sure that Mr. Wells would be pleased to know, that there are other souls on this earth thinking along with him.

134 If at any time my small but willing services may be of use to you, don’t fail to call on me.

21.0.5  TO R.B.F. FROM JEAN TOOMER, AUTHOR, - 6/17/28

135Your letter and enclosure reached me. 1 have an increasing interest in your whole idea and work, and I think it would be good if we had lunch or dinner together. I'll call you this week. The clipping was amusing. Thanks.

21.0.6  TO RUSSELL S. WALCOTT FROM M.E. FRIEDMAN-6/18/28

136(Amongst largest of department store owners of Milwaukee) - Mr. F. said by R. Walcott to be as finely ‘‘tuned’’ as any man of his acquaintance.

137 ***I artt sending to you, under separate cover, registered mail,4D (Copy 16).

138 1 think that this bird has an idea and were I ‘‘fancy free’’ I think I would like to play with it.

139 If you have not already done so, I would certainly suggest that someone in your office make note of his specific recommendations, particularly of those pertaining to ‘‘Utilities in the Home’’ as I believe them to be eminently sound and some years ahead of the day.

21.0.7  FROM R.B.F. TO HARPER LEECH, ESQ., FINANCIAL EDITOR, CHGO. TRIBUNE 6/20/28.

140Here is another copy of the 4D paper 176, as promised, relative to the ‘‘material’’ solution via the Mobile housing route. The subject is so vast, yet logical, that in order to properly grasp it, it must be read exactly in the order set down. As with chinning the bar, it is possible for anyone, but must be progressively worked into.

21.0.8  TO R.B.F. FROM JOHN T. MCCUTCHEON, THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE -6/20/28.

141A search has revealed the copy of ‘‘4D’’ you so kindly sent me. I shall plan to read it with care.

21.0.9  TO R.B.F. FROM SAMUEL J. HOFFMAN, NEW YORK CITY. - 6/21/28.

142(Associated with R.B.F. for many years in packing house and building material business. Mr. Hoffman also for some years in speculative building in New York and in foreign exchange business, also overseas service in world war)

143 I know you will excuse the long delay in my acknowledging receipt of your booklet. I have no good reason really and have simply put off from day to day writing you.

144 I was quite startled to read your essay, and must say that you are certainly looking ahead. Would be extremely interested in having further details of this ‘‘4D’’ house, if you can divulge them at this time, and also what progress you are making in arranging finances for exploiting your proposition.

145 Have read your booklet several times and have been referring to it at odd moments. I find myself becoming more interested each time.

21.0.10  TO MRS. FULLER FROM A.T. HEWLETT, 2ND, N.Y.C. - 6/25/28.

146(A.T. Hewlett, 2nd, one of ten children of J. M. Hewlett, the Architect, he studied at Brooklyn Polytechnic, and at Mass. Inst, of Tech, where he specialized in chemical engineering, spent several years in building material manufacturing and construction businesses. With some naval reserve training to guide him, he then ‘‘worked’’ his way around by water to ‘‘Frisco’’ and thence to the Orient. Returning to New York, he entered the financial brokerage house of Spencer Trask in the ‘‘stocks’’ department.)

147 Really, I am most ashamed of myself for not having acknowledged receipt of your’s and Buck's letter and the 4D essay, for I did receive them all and thank you ever so much for them. We were frightfully busy at the office all this spring, until just a little over a week ago when things quieted down considerably, and so I was working late every night, and really didn’t have a moment to do any letter writing.

148 I was exceedingly pleased to get the book concerning Buck’s new venture and read it completely thru with a great deal of interest. Except for your very scant explanation a couple of months ago, I had no idea at all of what Buck was up to, so this took me completely by surprise, and I was amazed to see what a tremendous amount of thought and energy he had already put into it. His ideas and philosophy as expressed in it are most original and apparently sound and do please congratulate him for me on the whole thing. I shall be most interested to hear of any further developments concerning it, and as the essay was more or less vague concerning the actual plans of the proposed homes, I am very anxious to see just what has been evolved. Thank Buck ever so much for sending me a copy, and I am hoping to get time to study it more thoroughly, and write him concerning it. Meanwhile, I shall send it to Edward as you request, and I am awfully sorry to have delayed so long about it.

21.0.11  TO R.B.F. FROM LINCOLN W. PIERCE, 189 CANTON AVE., MILTON, MASS. 6/30/28.

149(‘‘Oldest friend’’ and ‘‘best man’’ at R.B.F’s wedding.)

150 You have perhaps wondered what has become of me and why I haven’t answered you before just as your article arrived I was jammed full of town affairs that kept me busy day and night—then Town Meeting, and the day following ***arriving home last night.

151 As to your articles—you are certainly quite the writer and your ideas are extremely interesting. The technical part was a bit over my head, but your theory seems very sensible. I am. I’m afraid, rather of a conservative, and I therefore find the description of the ultimate house plus fittings rather hard to imagine. An assembled house, such as you suggest, that is doing away with as much labor as possible - seems to me very logical. I wish you were only nearer so that we could sit down and talk it all over and I am sure I would understand it all better. Do you expect to be anywhere near here this summer?

152 I am wondering how everything went with you in St. Louis and also what your next step is to be. Are you going to publish articles in .some magazine—or do you expect to get some firm started? You said nothing of your plans.

153 Expecting to hear further and with thanks for sending me one of your first copies.

21.0.12  FROM R.B.F. TO MR. CHAS. J. MCCULLOUGH, SEC'Y. TO R. W. BABSON, BABSON PARK, MASS.-7/9/28.

154I am sending you via registered mail, under separate cover, a new copy of the 4D booklet, the original of which was forwarded to you in May and which you so kindly acknowledged in Mr. Babson’s absence. The newer copy has a number of additions and if Mr. Babson has not yet returned I should appreciate having it kept for him in place of the first copy which I would appreciate having you return to me, parcel post ‘‘collect’’, tearing out the letter in front to go with the new copy. A number of important events have transpired relative to this 4D paper since its mailing to you, and knowing Mr. Babson's interest in the eventual industrial housing, I am hoping that he may find it possible to study the whole paper carefully.

155 In the summer of 1926, shortly after Mr. Babson had commented in his June ‘‘letter’’ on the Stockade system of building, which I introduced into the building field, I visited Mr. Babson’s office and discussed with several of his officials the idea of a model house which Mr. Babson wished to erect at Babson Park. For this my father-in-law, Mr. Hewlett, architect of New York, at present first Vice-President of the American Institute of Architects, made some drawings for Mr. Babson.

156 As my business activities brought me quite permanently to Chicago, I do not know whether the model house plans were ever used, but this very interesting and pleasant contact convinces me that not only will Mr. Babson be keenly interested in this matter, but that his study and comments will be of great importance in its efficient launching, as well as in the preservation of order in the re-assignment of industrial activity brought about in so many departments by it.

21.0.13  FROM R.B.F. TO MR. HEWLETT, N.Y.C. - 7/12/28.

157Anne has written you that I am extremely anxious to hear from you in reply to my letter of June 8th, with its various enclosures.

158 This is a terribly important issue, probably the most important that either of us will ever have to deal with. A number of the architects out here know of my proposal and are anxious to know what your action will be. Those who are interested in the Institute would like to see them take it provided it was assured of a progressive management, but they are all fearful that there are too many habitual worshippers of ‘‘good old times’’ to permit of its acceptance.

159 In any event TIME is flying and it is heart-rending to have to wait without even acknowledgement, when TIME is so valuable to us all. A day’s procrastination might throw the ultimate control of this industry to improper hands. If you wish extra copies of my letter to you, which I have had mimeographed, or extra copies of the booklet, to submit to others for consideration of the offer and the problem, I will be glad to send them to you.

21.0.14  TO R.B.F. FROM J. MONROE HEWLETT, N.Y.C., 7/9/28.

160(The following letter from Mr. Hewlett crossed that from R.B.F. to him, on previous page.)

161 I am returning herewith the information you sent me in regard to the patents-, applications, etc., as I do not think there is any likelihood that I can contribute any useful ideas unless I get a great deal more time than at present seems to be available to think over the matter.

162 Granting the economical soundness of the basic idea—which I certainly do grant—I am rather appalled by the number of supplementary matters in regard to which some solution will be necessary before making an actual plunge into production but that of course is a matter that you have been giving constant thought to and those things when they are put into the form of a complete schedule sometimes appear less formidable than when simply thought about.

163 I shall be interested to hear further of your plans as they develop and, also, whether the backing that you are relying upon is in your judgment sufficient to tide you over what must necessarily, I should think, be a long period of experimentation and promotion.

21.0.15  TO R.B.F. FROM C.R. PARKER, IOWA CONSTR. CO., 220 YORK ST., DES MOINES, IA. 7/14/28.

164Having read your copy of the 4D, I must say, I am very much interested in your new idea as I think it possible for the architectural age to carry out your ideas and plans.

165 The 4D is something new and entirely different from anything we have had yet, and in my viewpoint it is very practical. Please let me hear more about the 4D.

21.0.16  FROM R. B. F.TO WOLCOTT FULLER, 7/14/28.

166***

167 Will you be going to the island this summer?

168 A Mr. W. W. Harper, electro-physycist, prominent here as one of the independent television engineers, is studying 4D with view to the practical application of his knowledge to the subject. I think it would be well for you to consider the project in relation to the General Electric Company, its methods of development and money interests. I wish you would write me a real treatise on the subject based on your own experiences and on reasoning. Those are the only two things that count. What you think other people will think is the useless practice of those who rather than aiding progress prove the greatest obstacle to the same.

21.0.17  FROM R.B.F. TO HIS MOTHER, MRS. CAROLINE W. FULLER. BEAR ISLAND, MAINE. 7/16/28

169***! wish we could come to the Island but there are so many events liable to happen in connection with 4D that I feel I should be more available, so I think we will put it off until next summer. You ask what 1 am doing. I am now giving my whole time to 4D work and have been doing so for the last six months. From my contacts and continued studies I am now confident that the many changes which I have predicted in 4D will surely come about and I am really very fearful for your capital holdings. I should like to see you to discuss them as soon as possible. You ought to be rid of every bond you own and all railway holdings, having your capital in electrical fields such as Radio, General Electric, etc. You also ought to have some of the aeroplane stocks, mail order house stocks, which incidentally have been hitting new high levels, and insurance stocks. The drastic dips in the market due to arbitrary manipulation of money by the Federal Reserve Board have nothing to do with the values or earnings of the industries I recommend to you. Every railroad and banking interest in the country today is trying to rid itself of its bond and railway holdings. The railroads are all making such air-way plans as they can. Though they do not know of them as yet. my housing designs will eventually have to be adapted, and the value of land will drop tremendously. Now is the time to make these changes while I know the bankers are surreptitiously doing so. When bond issues have begun to fall off even more drastically than they have already done, it will be too late for you to make your change without great capital loss.

170 I have written you several letters about this and 1 wish you would let me know definitely just what you do hold at the present time. I also wrote Wooly, in connection with sending him the 4D. that I recommended selling the Cambridge property at once. We must really take action without further delay. A good price should be had for it now and while it may sell a little higher, it with all the other property, will have to fall off for it is particularly the city that will be deflated.

171 The island property should be tremendously increased as I outlined to you a year or so ago. due to the decentralization through airplane travel. With but a handful of islands on the whole Atlantic coast, our group, reachable from New York in 3-1/2 hours, and from Boston in 1-1/2 hour, in the coming models of planes, are likely to become of tremendous value. If the rest of the family want to keep their money in land I should recommend transferring the money for the sale of the Cambridge property to the purchase of additional islands, picked for their landing facilities.

172 In a year or so when my 4D houses are ready we will be able to put them up on the islands in one day with every facility of modern city luxury built in, quite as comfortable in winter as any other time, on the installment plan, for a dollar down. They will be quite as deliverable to the island as to any other point. They are not going to be funny, disagreeable propositions, either, as will be attested by the fact that the best of architects approve completely of them.

173 I will send you a new copy of 4D in about a week’s time, which will have a number of additions. I hope you will have time to study it while up there at the island. Never mind the designing chapters, that is the part about the fourth dimension, etc., but pay careful attention to the general philosophy and the comments on current events pointing out the inevitable trend of affairs. Already a number of the events foretold in the original issue of my paper are coming to pass. As I had hoped, this suddenly gives great weight to the value of the rest of my statements, to the few business men who have been allowed to read the paper. The main thing I want to impress upon your mind, is that this whole affair is no ‘‘scheme’’ of mine, but merely the observance of truths which people overlook in their great rush for survival and selfish existence.

174 There is no question that what I have predicted will come about. The great danger, as far as we are concerned, is that the belittlement of values brought about by too close personal contact may make you hesitate to consider what 1 am urging you to do, with the same consideration that you would accord recommendations by complete strangers. The moment we know anyone it is a natural law, that we credit their ideas with less value than when they were isolated as ideas alone and involved no ‘‘personal’’ acquaintance. There may be someone whose books you have read and admired tremendously. In meeting that person you might, for any of a thousand sensations, immediately lose respect for his person and unfortunately his writing as well.

175 Affairs are taking place so rapidly now that those conscientiously filling responsible positions are tremendously worried.

176 All the political furor is of no greater importance than the circus. Please put your mind to this thing at once as it would be terrible to have anything happen to your income. The banking business is becoming such a racket that they would have you loaded up with the very things they find it essential to dump.**

21.0.18  TO R. B. F. FROM DR. ARTHUR F. ABT, 104 S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO. - 7 17.

177(WHOSE FATHER, ISAAC ABT, DECORATED WITH ‘‘THE LEGION OF HONOR’’ BY FRANCE FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO BABY DOCTORING, HAS ALSO READ4D.)

178 I have read with interest the little booklet which you send me. As I am entirely devoid of any mechanical or architectural knowledge, I can offer no suggestions as to the practicability and feasibility of your idea.

179 I can only say, very generally, that any idea which makes for better housing conditions and better sanitation will tend to decrease infant mortality.

180 I wish you all kinds of success and will be interested to follow the development of your ideas. (Clipping from Chicago Tribune)

181 BLAMES BIRTH OF UNDESIRABLES ON POOR HOUSING.

182 Plymouth, Eng. July 18.—Dr. Dor;<; Odham blamed bad housing conditions for the productions of undesirables at this morning’s meeting of the Royal Sanitary Institute here.

183 ‘‘Bad housing conditions and bad sanitation generally produce a large proportion of undesirables, who are neither an asset to the nation nor capable of leading happy lives. Slum areas ought to be abolished and suitable accommodations provided for the people,’’ she said.

184 Dr. Odham suggested that the housing crisis had a double effect on the mental health and development of a child, working both through heredity and environment. Environment had a direct effect, while parents living under bad conditions naturally passed on their weak characteristics to their children, she said.

21.0.19  TO R.B.F. FROM J. MONROE HEWLETT, N.Y.C.-7/17/28.

185I have just returned from an absence of about a week and find your letter awaiting me.

186 I did not understand from your letter that you were making a formal tender to the Institute through me although, of course, it was evident that your desire was to make such a formal offer if the matter could be put into such shape asjo provide a proper basis for such an offer.

187 Under the constitution of the Institute I do not see how it would be possible for the Institute to accept such a position in relation to any proposed program of procedure. The basic principle of such an organization is the encouragement of proper individual effort in the practice of the art of architecture. If the majority of the members of the Institute were convinced that a given method of producing housing represented the only proper method, a situation might conceivably come about where the Institute would find it desirable to accept what one might call a trusteeship over the patents covering this method but any radical departure in the methods of creating housing must, in the nature of things, be tried out by individuals or groups before they can possibly reach the point of being regarded as the sole thoroughly economical method of solving .this problem. The carrying through of such an undertaking as this to success means necessarily the expenditure of time, thought and money on the part of those who, by careful and thorough investigation, are convinced of the practicability of the scheme. If it turns out successfully, this group are entitled to a large profit and that is why the Government gives them the protection of the Patent Law.

188

189

190You refer slightingly to certain Institute reports as representing opposition to the sort of standardization which is now taking place. Whether you like it or not and whether you think this attitude is progressive or not, the fact remains that it is the prevailing sentiment of the American Institute of Architects, so far as that sentiment has manifested itself, that the sort of standardization now going on in many branches of industry is definitely hurtful to the development of architecture as an art, and I believe that any Board of Directors of the Institute that ventured to take action in opposition to this idea would properly find themselves repudiated at the next convention of the I nstitute.

191The proper way for you to handle this matter is, it seems to me, to address a communication to the American Institute of Architects describing more briefly than your 4D statement the fundamental ideas that you are driving at and expressing the desire that the patents covering these ideas should be placed under the control of a body of men or a board of trustees selected with the sole view of utilizing those patents for the benefit of the art of architecture in general. My expectation would be that if the matter was presented to the Board of Directors of the Institute in that form, the whole matter would be referred to the Structural Service Committee of which Mr. Max Dunning of Chicago is the Chairman, and any subsequent action on the matter by the Board would be dependent on the report of the Structural Service Committee.

192My fear in regard to that procedure would be that an investigation on the part of this committee of the merits of the proposal would involve a greater amount of time on the part of its members than the Institute would be justified in demanding, which brings us back to the point that the initial stages of promotion (and by promotion 1 do not mean to use the word in the objectionable sense) must be carried on by a group of individuals whose iniative comes from the fact that they are thoroughly convinced of the soundness of the proposition: and very few practicing architects who are making their living by practicing their profession would be able, in my judgment, to give the time necessary to thoroughly thrash this thing out.

193 You understand that this is entirely a personal letter and not in any way a reply to any formal prooosition on your part to the Institute. If and when such formal proposal is made, it will have to come through the regular channel as I have outlined above but my advice to you would be to see Max Dunning and explain the matter personally and fully to him, showing him, if you like, this letter and see what he says. Faithfully yours, Love to all.

21.0.20  TO R.B.F. FROM BARRY BYRNE, ARCHITECT, 104 S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO. 7/19/28

194(PRONOUNCED BY AUTHORITIVE ARCHITECTS TO BE THE MOST ‘‘MODERN’’ OF THEIR PROFESSION IN CHICAGO.)

195 I think I may say, after my delayed reading of your treatise, that the problem you approach in it is to me a very real one. Whether or not a solution is possible on the lines you suggest is beyond my ability to judge. It is possible that developments may make such houses as usual as automobiles. On the other hand the development of new materials may point the way to a new solution, in fact, may impose one on us. In any event, your investigation has my hearty sympathy, and I trust that from it may develop some tangible result to reward your painstaking and enthusiastic investigation of a problem sadly in need of practical solution.

196 I am returning the treatise to you in this mail with my sincere thanks for allowing me to see it.

21.0.21  TO RUSSEL WALCOTT FROM JEAN TOOMER, N.Y.C. 7/19/28.

197Tonight I had dinner with Hugh Ferriss, whom I think I mentioned to you, and whom you doubtless know of as a well rated architectural designer. He is going West shortly, but will probably pass through Canada. On his return, he’ll come through Chicago. I spoke to him of you, and he said he’d like very much to see you and have a talk. He has had some interesting experiences this year; in particular, three talks given to young architectural students at universities, one at Yale. His aim was to give them a sense of the need for a philosophy and technique of life, one which they would not find in ordinary college courses. To give them a sense of a need for such a thing to serve as the general background of their art.Jand as the means of their own general growth and development. Gurdjiefean ideas were in his mind, but of course he did not express them as such. The results were interesting, but not altogether hopeful. In fact, he got much general response, but only three students seemed to glimpse what he was driving at.

198 Then, too, I told him of Fuller and the new home, or better, the new house, - for, after all, materials make a house; people make a home. He was very much interested in the idea. He'd like to meet Fuller, also. I think he will phone you when he passes through.

21.0.22  TO MR. R.S. WALCOTT, FROM L. H. PROVINE, HEAD OF DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE, (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, URBANA, ILL. 7/23/28.)

199The booklet which you sent me some time ago referring to small house building has just been read with much interest. We all agree with the author of this booklet that proper attention has not been given to the design and construction of the home, and I agree heartily with the author in his effort to stimulate interest in this important field.

200 Some of his ideas are strange and knowing nothing in detail of the 4D, I hope that some day someone will devise a system of construction which is fire resistant, economical, and pleasing in appearance. It has been a great pleasure to have reviewed this material, and unless advised by you to the contrary, I would like to keep the copy (No. 20) which you sent me, for future reference.

21.0.23  FROM R.B.F. TO EDWARD JOHNSON, ESQ., VICE-PRES. IN CHG. ENGINEERING, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO., 7/24/28.

201Here is the paper I promised you some time ago. The events presaged by it are taking place rapidly. (4D copy No. 88).

202 It seems to me you ought to be familiar with it.

203 Without ego, for in dealing with mechanical or abstract truths there is nothing animate or ‘‘personal’’, I may now say, from the corroborative thought of the able men conversant with the subject, that this will, in time, be considered one of the most important papers ever written. Considerable of a statement, but in time you will agree with me.

21.0.24  TO R.B.F. FROM A. L. McLEOD, HOUGHTON MIFFLIN & CO., 7/30/28.

204I appreciate your giving me a copy of your 4D. It is certainly a revelation, and while I am merely a layman and do not feel myself well versed enough to criticise, this article strikes me as being original. At first it appeared futuristic, but after reading carefully page for page it sunk in so thoroughly that I am absolutely sold on your plan for building homes from the inside out, and delivering them all ready for assembling in twenty-four hours so that they will be perfectly liveable.

205 This plan is good for the present generation, as this is a day of standardization, and the wonderful thing about it is the completeness of the home and the reducing of labor to the extreme minimum, as well as giving comfort to the occupants never before dreamed of. The economy of construction is remarkable, and it will surely pay dividends in happiness to the happy owner of the 4D.

206 1 am glad to see that you have interested such a large number of prominent men in this project who are financially able to carry this through. There is no doubt about its success right from the start and you have the best wishes of***

21.0.25  FROM A. L. McLEOD TO MR. MAURICE KRAKOW, 31 E. I2TH ST., N.Y.C. (COPY ENCLOSED IN ABOVE LETTER) 7/30/ 28.

207(Mr. Krakow is the owner of the Architectural Publishing Co., N.Y.C.)

208 I have been going to drop you a line for some time to find out how things are coming along with you. As you see, I am here in Chicago, with the above company. What I am writing you now is a matter of business.

209 A particular friend of mine, Mr. Richard Buckminster Fuller, has formulated a new plan for building homes in the future which is going to materialize quickly. To make it brief in this letter, they will be homes built from the inside out, laid right on the ground, and erected in twenty-four hours. This will sound very astonishing to you as it did to me, in fact it is almost unbelievable, but after you have carefully read through the typewritten copy that is being sent you, your interest will increase and the idea will sink in deep enough to make you realize that it is not a futuristic idea but one that will be taken up by the present generation and improved upon from time to time.

210 Mr. Fuller has sent this pamphlet to about 200 men; architects, scientific men, engineers, etc., who have become greatly interested in his idea.**

211 **Of course, I know that when you start reading this it will seem fantastical, but when you have looked at it from all angles you will appreciate its practicability.**

212 FROM R.B.F.TO M R. STERN FELD 7/30/28.

213 (Winner of ‘‘The Paris prize’’ 1925 Beaux Arts Institute of Design)

214 Mr. Pierre Bloukj has asked that I forward to you a copy of the 4D paper. I am sending you copy No. 125 under separate cover.

215 FROM R.B.F. TO MR. RAYMOND HOOD, ESQ., AMER. RADIATOR BLDG., W. 40TH ST. N.Y.C., 7/30/28.

216 (Architect of the Tribune Tower, Chicago)

217 Mr. Earl Reed has written to you of the 4D paper. I am mailing you a copy. No. 124, under separate cover.

218 Your own searching for the tower type of construction should enhance the interest to you of the study of4D.

219 Mr. Monroe Hewlett, to whom the letter at the end is addressed, is the writer’s father-in-law. The possibility of the acceptance by the Institute of the proposition referred to in the letter seems, at this time, to be improbable. Mr. Hewlett has just been here in Chicago and we have discussed it. It would be feasible, but the mental reorganization of so large a group, fixed in habit, would seem too great an undertaking within the specified time. Many alternatives of action have been deferred to a decision by Mr. Hewlett and his associates. Your close study and comments will be held of immense value at this time.

220 No indication of the subject-matter is given in this letter, quite purposefully, as it has been found that the 4D paper itself, as composed, is the only effective key to the complete comprehension of the subject. As with the combination of a safe the formula is made up of symbols of common knowledge. If they were not none could follow the formula. The 4D paper is made up of readily recognizable truths so arranged as to form a mental combination which cannot be erred from, nor progressed in, without awaiting the ‘‘click’’ at each turn. No matter how much mental ability one has they cannot flip through the numbers of the combination of a safe choosing at random those they like best and expect to open the combination. It is hoped the profound importance of the subject will excuse these admonitions.

221 FROM R.B.F.TO HIS MOTHER, 7/31/28.

222 You ask what will happen to bonds if they are not a good investment, and if the whole financial structure won’t go to pieces if they are not good. The answer is no. The banks who are loaded up with the bonds will have to keep them as they cannot unload them except in a minor way to widows and unthinking clients. They will have to hold them and absorb the losses out of surplus that is all. If the banks haven’t enough surplus when bonds go bad, the banks will go busted. Banks are going to go busted in a wholesale manner one of these days. People are going to deposit their funds in brokerage houses and directly in business enterprises. The Bank middleman is going and he is cooking his own goose every time he sells you or any other client a bond today, also every time he raises the price of money. I tell you get rid of them before its too late. Get good stocks in basic light materials—airplanes, radio, moving picture, mail order houses. These are the businesses today.

223 TO R.B.F. FROM WOLCOTT FULLER, SCHENECTADY, N.Y. - 8/6/28.

224 (From contents of this letter it would seem that many pages must have been missing in the copy of 4D sent to W.F.)

225 I just received a copy of your letter to Mr. Hewlett enclosed in your letter of July 27, to me. I read it carefully and also the 4D pamphlet you sent me some time ago but I honestly cannot make head or tail out of it because I have not had a general brief description of what it is all about first, and these writings of yours each touch individually on different parts of the subject and I don't know what the subject is because you have never stated it. (Note title page of 4D states this briefly and clearly). I am not sure what the 4D stands for but guess it is the fourth dimension but if this is so I don’t see what it has to do with a new form of house or the Federal Reserve. You see, my trouble is, that I have not had explained to me comprehensively what it is all about. Your writings seem to me ninety per cent philosophy and the other 10 percent of parts, concerning what it is all about, is lost in it, for one who does not know the subject. May I offer one criticism which I think I can justly make, because I do not need to know the subject or understand the writings, as it would apply to any writing, and that is, that you make many statements that sound too positive, that such and such is bound to happen. Remember that there is an old saying that ‘‘nothing is perfect’’. (Note: this is mentioned several times in 4D). You can only approach an ideal, and this theory is actually applied in many engineering designs as well as other things. Many of my professors would never give anybody in their classes a grade of 100% as they said nobody is perfect. Also your statements would sound much more convincing and apply to the reason, and give the other fellow the feeling he would have a chance of discussing the statement with you, without you saying that it is bound to happen, if you toned down a bit the positive fashion in which they are said, especially when you are limited by time and paper to giving no reasons for them.

226 Remember that no matter how sure you or anybody else or any numbers of people are that something is going to happen, history has shown that often it does not happen. In other words it does not sound well to me to be so positive. Remember civilization has made some wonderful progress but it didn’t happen over night or as quickly as you indicate something big is going to happen.

227 I am tremendously interested in this because I am always open to conviction or anything new, and especially with you as the originator, but heretofore the fourth dimension has been only a very interesting subject to study and not a one to make money on, or, I mean, to put capital in, and I would like to have you write and tell me, using as little philosophy, (I would prefer none if you can explain it without philosophy as some things can be ) as possible, and with the fewest digressions on life as possible, (as I can read all that after I find out what the subject is) just exactly what kind of a house you have originated (brief description like that article in the newspaper I sent you about the German Professor with the ball house on a mast) and what it, 4D, has to do with bonds losing their value and with property depreciating, and what 4D stands for.

228 I hope you don’t mind my criticisms but it is only my impression as I get these disconnected writings without a proper picture of the thing as a whole and without being able to understand it.

229 I am back in Schenectady for the summer taking a 3 months Sales Training Course given by the General Electric Co. It is very interesting and enjoyable.

230 I spent last week at the Pittsfield, Mass, plant and we are going to spend 2 weeks at Lynn and 1 at Philadelphia during the summer. I still have my old Ford and had it with me at Philadelphia and Baltimore. It has had pretty good practice going over the Berkshires between here and Pittsfield.**

231 **By the way, what form of organization have you that you derive your income from. That is always an interesting detail.

232 TO WOLCOTT FULLER FROM ANNE HEWLETT FULLER (MRS. R.B. FULLER) -8/10/28

233 We received your long letter yesterday enclosing Rosy’s. Thanks ever so much.**

234 Bucky is awfully busy so I’ll try to answer your letter to him. We’re awfully sorry you can’t make ‘‘head or tail’’ out of the book. The subject of the book is the great need for standardization in, and industrially to be produced homes. The first part of the book describes the waste involved and the inefficiency in modern building (house building) and the moral effect of living under conditions which are not suited to the tremendous progress which has been made in almost every other field.

235 The house itself isn’t described in any great detail, purposely, as at the present time the actual appearance, which people may or may not like, isn’t half so important as getting them into a frame of mind in which they will realize the tremendous possibilities of a great industry, the crying need for better living conditions, and the far flung effects of it all.

236 Bucky has, of course, very definite ideas on the house itself. On page 15 it first mentions the central tower which is the basis of the whole structure. This tower forms the core of the house and everything is suspended from it. All the water piping, electrical equipment, etc. go inside it which simplifies building greatly. All the standard bathroom and kitchen units therefore are to be hung next to the tower, and the other rooms on the outside, with the outer wall surfaces almost entirely of glass.

237 Chapter 15 describes a great deal of this. The actual designs are being worked out but you can see for yourself in a general way how the house will look. Bucky has taken oilt a large number of patents on the construction so he’s well protected.

238 The fourth paragraph on Page 25 gives a good idea why it is called ‘‘4D’’ (which does mean fourth dimensions). It’s more or less just a trade name for it. R.B.F. thought it was expressiveof their aims and he wanted to get- away from the personal element.-They were first called Fuller houses.

239 You criticise Bucky for being ‘‘too positive’’ but that is impossible. If there was any way in which he could make it more so, he would as he feels and believes in the thing more deeply and strongly than you can possibly imagine. He naturally doesn't discount the possibility of something going very differently but he knows its by no means a one man job and that unless he can get rather a large group of influential people just as sure of its truth and its need as he is, - it won't happen at all.

240 We both feel it will be the entire solution of so many things. 1 agree with him especially on the desperate need of and the far reaching effect of really modern housing for families.

241 One can also see that the effects on land values, politics, almost all the manners and customs of today, will be tremendous, as it will be not only the start of a great new industry and the large use of products which are little known or used now, but it will mean a continually shifting population living in houses which can be moved from place to place, from country to country, and cities which grow up and melt away in a season. This answers your question about its application to the bond market (which is based on land value and building value) and to real estate depreciation. I don't think there's the wild rush about it that Bucky does, as I feel the news alone won't affect these markets and that nothing will happen until the industry is well on its way, but Bucky feels that the first publicity will be sufficient to start the downfall at least.

242 I think, as you say, that on reading the book a second time you'll get the connection much better. I agree with you to a certain extent, that it is unnecessarily involved and, too much philosophical digression and that it would be much more effective if it were shorter and snappier and more to the point, but Bucky certainly has had very enthusiastic comments on the book and its brought surprisingly encouraging results. I still feel that it’s in spite of the faults I mention, but Bucky feels it’s all necessary, and has all helped.

243 The organization you asked about is just a preliminary agreement between Bucky and a few friends who are to put up enough money for current expenses in connection with 4D and to partly cover our living expenses (so that R.B.F. can devote his time to it) in exchange for a percentage of his personal interest in its sales.

244 FROM R.B.F. TO HIS SISTER, ROSAMOND LUCILLA FULLER, UPON HER FIRSTTR1P ABROAD.-.AUGUST 11,1928.

245 Anne and 1 received your first letter written about the trip to Wales to visit Lady Glanusk and the trip to Ireland. You write well of your impressions. We have felt the thrill which you are experiencing. Mother has forwarded us your first two letters to her, so the picture is clear to me.

246 The day your letter telling us of your proposed trip, arrived this spring, I wrote you the enclosed letter, which, however, due to the fact that I wished to improve upon it was set aside and became lost temporarily in the rush of events following upon the introduction of the 4D idea. Hoping that this letter will reach you before you leave for home. I am forwarding it and the copy of 4D to your Paris bank.

247 If you have any time let before sailing, I wish you would call on Mr. & Mr.s Paul D. Nelson, 70 Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Paris. Paul and his wife Francine are friends of Anne and mine. They sailed today from New York on the Paris. She is a Parisian. I understand her father or uncle is the Minister of the Interior of the Republic of France. Paul Nelson, son of the largest of the commercialized interior decorators of Chicago, W.P. Nelson, to whose ideas of wholesale decoration as set forth in his furnishing of the Blackstone, Drake, etc., Paul's ideas are the extreme antithesis, has promise of being a great artist. He went to Princeton where he was President of the Triangle Club. He joined the Lafayette Esquadrille in the war, but switched to the American Flying Forces, where he was credited with 3 enemy planes. His war experiences have left the most definite character mark upon him. After the war he returned to New York where he tried the usual bond selling which quickly nauseated him and resulted in his prevailing upon his father to send him to the Ecole des Beaux Arts for which he had had no previous training, a most fortunate condition. In his first year he met Francine and they were married. She attended all his classes with him, in the beginning acting as an interpreter, and in all his work since she has taken an active part. Paul Nelson was at the Beaux Arts for 7-1 /2 years and, while he had more ‘‘failures’’ than any who have attended the school, due to the fact that his inability to copy and his intuitive urge to create made his work for a long time incomprehensible to the Masters of archaic styles, he is credited as well with more medals than any foreigner who ever attended the school. He was, in his last year, ‘‘retained for the medal of the year’’, the first time this honor has ever been awarded to a foreigner. Nelso broke away successively from three of the so-called ‘‘best atelliers’’. Finally, after his first two years, he settled himself under the tutelage of Peret, .the designer of the Eiffel Tower and original designer of many of the most striking samples of new fero-concrete architecture to be found abroad today. The fero-concrete architecture may be likened unto the- plastic cocoon of the archaic worm from which will emerge the 4D butterfly.

248 At this same two year point Nelson took up musical composition and painting, for both of which he found some natural aptitude. The musical composition proved, as it will for many, the opening of the door to creative design in almost any field of artistic projection. His music master was Koechlin. Nelson for' several years lived and worked together with Braque and Derain, who with Picasso and others are considered the Masters of the new school of painting. While 1 cannot agree with Nelson as to the perfection of their art, for I consider it to be no more than a revolution rather than the goal which is being sought in the new era of recreative art, never-the-less me genuine earnestness and ability fired within . Nelson himself by the association is extremely important. The unlooked for indirect effect so often reveals itself in the associate in this manner. Nelson also studied with Corbusier Saungier, usually known as LeCorbusier, the great revolutionist in architectural design whose book should be read in conjunction with my 4D. My own reading of Corbusier's ‘‘Towards a New Architecture’’, at the time when I was writing my own, nearly stunned me by the almost identical phraseology of his telegraphic style of notation with the notations)of my own set down completely from my own intuitive searching and reasoning and unaware even oi the existence of such a man as Corbusier. Corusier was first called to my attention by Russell Walcott, the best of residential designers in Chicago, when I was explaining my principles to him last November.

249 Nelson’s greatest work to date was the design of the medical center of the future, inspired by the great French Doctor Vannier. This medical center is a marvel of mechanical design. It is as functionally correct as an airplane. It is to be built soon by the French Society of Homeotherapy of which Nelson has been elected an honorary member and designated as their architect.

250 Nelson is significant as being the first Beaux Arts student to ever completely revolt against the stylistic copying practice of the school and yet to fight it out at the school, and come off with honors. Incidentally he broke all social precedent of the school, refusing to take part in the horse play which ever grows more silly and obscene, to-wit the bacchanalian revels in the streets of Paris this year with drunken men and women, some scantily clothed, and some naked, carrying bloody effigies of religious celebrities.

251 Nelson returned to this country last Fall, at the behest of several Chicago architects such as John Hollabird, where he expected to attain some immediate recognition, due to his successes abroad, and the illusive natural advantage of ‘‘position’’. America, in particular Chicago, was not as yet economically or aesthetically ready for his work, wherefore he was confined to being more of a prize exhibit by his acquaintances than a serious immediate factor in the creative designing work in Chicago. Much disheartened by the disinterestedness of a great economic center, (so rich not by virtue of any self-direction, and rather in spite of the latter), in logical progressiveness in design, which reaps its own economic reward, he was about to return to France when he was introduced to the 4D idea. 4D provided for him the chart for the span between aesthetic modern design and economic necessity. It was for this very link that Nelson had been waiting and we were naturally thrown together.

252 Publication was made a few weeks ago of the projected building by the French Government of 200,000 workmen’s nuuses, they, the French Government, perceiving housing to be the solar plexus of social existence. For this project an international competition in design will be held. Nelson, who has contracted with 4D to be its official designer and foreign representative for 5 years, left immediately for France to propose to the French Government that they be licensed under the 4D patents for fabrication of the 200,000 houses. Mrs. Nelson is translating 4D into French and it is to be published over there where it will be taken up by Peret and Nelson’s other associates.

253 This will explain why I wish you to meet the Nelsons and will also make the reading of 4D and understanding of my earlier letter the clearer.

254 Nelson, by the way, has a water color sketch of a 4D tower house, which while mathematically incorrect, provides somewhat of the sensation of the new type housing. It will at least interest you as the first actual interpretation which is made of such housing. This contact should enrich your trip very materially.

255 (Enclosure: R.B.F. Letter to Rosamond Fuller of June 13, 1928.)

256 FROM R.B.F. TO HIS SISTER, ROSAMOND FULLER - 6/13/28.1

257 Anne’s letter tells of our surprise at your ‘‘sailing’’ and our happy excitement over it.

258 I have been waiting to write you for some time and had rather planned to at some length, but haste now spares you that ordeal. What I wanted to say to you is that I have been absolutely astounded at the significance of Margaret Fuller which none of us (present generation of our family) have realized, and upon which I have more or less stumbled at this distant point from home. It is exciting to find Women's clubs ‘‘in these parts’’, and in many parts of the world, named Ossoli Club, after her. The Library here has many books about her, being published from time to time by Philosophy professors, popular writers, biographers, etc., as well as the earlier biographies written by Emerson, Channing, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Olcott, Howe, and Grandfather Fuller. It is because of the generations of the Fuller family have been so drawn out, and because Grandfather Fuller, whom she brought up and affected so deeply, was killed in the Civil War, when Father was but a little boy, and because Father died while we were so young, that, with the usual casualness of people to that which is closest to them, we have missed her importance entirely.

259 She was, it would seem to me, almost as important to civilization as such men as Lincoln, but her efforts were so much more abstract and indirect, being applied primarily to the small coterie of thinkers who formed the original nucleus of an American culture, freed from the feudalistic oppressiveness that characterized its literary work up to that time, under her directive effort, known as the Transcendentalists. These people translated and wrote down many of her truths which are now materially benefitting the whole world, through their brain child, the NATURAL RECREATIVE INDUSTRY of present day America. Her genius was as a rule revealed only in conversation. This method while by far the most unselfish form of creation, thinking nought of capitalizing new truths for self, but seeking untiringly to give ojj and thus ever increasing the river bed through which the truths may flow with natural facility. has by far the greatest influence, but is often temporarily halted by those seeking to redistribute the truths, as of their own making, there being no material testimony contrarywise. In fact, those doing the latter may not do so consciously, but are rather of the great army of mental kleptomaniacs who bundle off truths, and later, by virtue of the fact that the truth has been stored in their brain cells, perceive them to be their own. Margaret Fuller’s one great temporal fault, in my opinion, was her intolerance of her father. Had she in addition to her other great powers the ability to see the raft of advantage heaped upon her by her father’s tremendous if well suppressed love (in the best New England fashion) she would be on everyone’s lips today. Tolerance is a great virtue and will eventually be greatly rewarded by even keener perception, by virtue of the impassionate reasoning which it makes possible. The most perfect example of what I am pointing out is that of Christ, whose unselfish existence, mythical, symbolical, or real (inasmuch as material temporality is only of secondary or temporary consideration, it does not matter) has for its greatest significance the fact that he left behind not so much as one written word, not one material token. His significance lies in his complete faith in love to perpetuate its recreation to eternity without resort to any temporality whatsoever. It is my opinion that the testaments of his teachings and existence have done more to retard the truth of Christ than to aid it. It is like the hypocritical nurse maid testifying to the goodness of the little child. If Christ had wanted his word written he would have written it himself. If he had done so it would have been done in one word, I am sure—Love. The actual writing of his teachings in the form of scriptures, arbitrarily selected for publication, and certainly exquisitely beautiful as word composition, as are the carven images of other eras handed down from generation to generation, ever and anon, acquiring an additional beautifying artistic touch, and always the beauty of patina, are to me much the same, when reasoned out, (with full faith in love) as the correspondence school courses on how to be as successful as Washington or Ford. Everyone of the Saints who wrote the scriptures was temporal and as such committed many sins. While the motive in their writing of his word was well covered by the beauty of the truth of which they wrote, it would have been far more lasting and beautiful if handed on by them in the form of word and deed alone, instead of being confined to a cliquish group of politicians, as it eventually was, who alone are capable of reading the written language were able to mete it out to their self-aggrandizement. We find the action of the saints continually portrayed in the action of contemporaries, who no sooner than a person dies heap laudation upon that person, at the same time discreetly revealing their own intimate relations with that person (usually exaggerated or fictitious), that the dead person, unable to deny the allegations, the merits heaped upon them may redound to the ‘‘fine’’ influence of their speaker. I feel that this is the fundamental basis of the majority of public funerals. Lord help me I credit the grief of the intimate minority of these occasions. All the scriptures or correspondence school courses, no matter how well done, are but one track formulas for reestablishing the complete faith in love with which children are born, and live in UNCONSCIOUSLY, and therefore perfectly, until it is broken by their elders; who drudge worn, by the every-day immediate living conditions, suddenly blaspheme that perfection of faith and love, which, once broken, cannot become perfect again in the realm of temporality. All the drudgery can be mechanically removed from our living, with the realization of the stylistic bunk that ‘‘aesthetically’’ controls its design in archaic form, in the tailor-made practice still employed in house building, self-consciously, which is selfishly, thought to indicate distinctive personality to its owner.

260 All this is the basis of our 4D house philosophy.

261 Emerson, who is ever more often acknowledged the greatest of philosophers to date, said of Margaret Fuller, who, as first editor of the Dial and literary critic of the New York Tribune, (in which her articles were always featured on the front page), had verbally lashed him into exquisitely unselfish thinking, ‘‘Of those for whom I would wish immortality most, there is none for whom I would wish it more than Margaret (Fuller), for it is she whom we can least be without.’’

262 It seems to me, Rosy, that you should learn as much as possible about her. She was well known abroad, too, having been received by Carlisle in England, as the head of a deputation from Emerson; and done heroic work in Italy, while her husband Marchese Ossili fought in the civil war there, just before their final return to this country, on the voyage which ended in their being shipwrecked and drowned off Fire Island, L.I., where the Women’s clubs of America have erected a memorial to her. There is not self- aggrandizement in recognizing these facts about her, which, by the natural law of inheritance, may be taken up where left off, when the personal-equation arid circumstances are sufficiently licked to allow the truths to come forth, and the work taken up where it was left off.

263 Of the many books about her there are two particularly good and short ones, as a preliminary study of her. The chapter in Gamaliel Bradford’s ‘‘Portraits of American Women’’ and ‘‘Margaret Fuller an'd Goethe’’ by Professor Braun, published by Holt in 1910. Both are in the public library. I tell you all this, before you go abroad, as I think the effort and time expended by you in reading these, before going, will be amply rewarded by your greater appreciation of all that you observe, in your first vivid impressions, of foreign travel. It is fortunate that you go without an older guide. There could be nothing sadder than the truth indicated in the picture (living) which I witnessed the other day of a little girl dragging a still littler group of brothers and sisters through the zoo, whirling and wheedling them by the cages'to which they were drawn with natural fascination, it being their first trip to the zoo. The reason for her tenacity and interference with them was that she wanted to get them to look at the zebu, which bore greater significance to her because it had been pointed out to her on her first trip by a favorite uncle, who, unknown to her. picked on it as a target for his own ‘‘smart’’ remarks. This is the way I heard it, and it illustrates the overemphasis of personal equations. Beware Zebu bally-hooists in your travels.

264 1 am sending you a copy of 4D which has been added to since the copies sent mother and Wolcott. I hope you will find time to read it, and to bring me comments on your return, brought about by your observations abroad, relative to it.

265 TO R.B.F. FROM ARTHURC. HOLDEN, N.Y.C. - 8/13/28.

266 **I wish that your book could be published and could be published right away, and I wish that it might be well illustrated. On this task I should like to be able to help. (Note: Mr. Holden discussed with R. Walcott the idea of having a number of well known architects whom he knows, illustrate 4D). I was sorry that I couldn’t see your scrapbooks of which you told me.

267 You are apparently enlisting very valuable friends. I am afraid I have done pitifully little for you. I wish you would tell me what publishers have seen your manuscript and what has been done with them up to date. Though you deserve to be published well, you might find this a more difficult battle than is anticipated.

268 Remember that Rome was not built in a day, and it will take time to bring your ideas to the point where the product will be marketable.

269 TO R.B.F. FROM ROGER W. BABSON, BABSON PARK, MASS. - 8/13/28

270 I thank you for the extended booklet on the modern home, which was issued in connection with the Architects Convention. It is great! I am going to use some of the information in connection with a book which I am now preparing entitled. ‘‘Looking ahead Fifty Years.’’

271 TO R.B.F. FROM B. SILBERMANN, SILBERMANN'S BOOK STORE, 117 E. CHICAGO AVE., CHI. 8/13/28

272 I have read your book, FOURTH DIMENSI0N, with tremendous interest.

273 I believe that your theory in book form will cause many a heated and stimulating discussion, and I look forward with joy to the day when your ideas will be realized.

274 The facilities and comforts and the elimination of spiritual disturbances in homes built on your principle will result in many more readers and larger libraries, and for this reason I am particularly hopeful for your success.

275 TO GILBERT SCRIBNER, 38 S. DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, FROM R.B.F. - 8/14/28

276 Am mailing you copy no. 143 of 4D under separate cover. It must be read in the exact order set down. Like the combination of a safe it is made up of readily recognizable symbols. It is the order of arrangement that counts. None may ‘‘out smart’’ the combination of the safe.

277 There is a part two which will be mailed to you later, showing 4D in actual operation.

278 It was nice to see you. I feel indebted to you for sending me to Lawrence Whiting. Chairman of the Board of Indiana Limestone, despite no job resulting. At least through his sales manager, I was afforded the opportunity of meeting the Western Manager of The Curtis Publishing Company. Through him and his' staff of building material-account-councilors, I learned what I was anxious to know, to wit that no such idea as 4D was in any way extant within the scope of their clientele as yet. The ramifications of their knowledge on this subject are the greatest in the world. It was interesting in the light of the4D revelations on advertising as well as housing, that they stressed two theorems upon which they base their counsel to clients; to wit: that first, no consideration must be taken of what the public wants, in advertising; ‘‘anything’’ can be put over with advertising good or ‘‘bad’’; secondly, that individualism is entirely confined to materialism, and that to be individual your house above all things must be entirely different from Jhe next, exhibiting deformity, and that standardized housing was ‘‘out of the question’’ in their mind. They were taken with my earnestness, at least, and felt that it could only emanate from some reasonable idea, where-fore our intercourse, but they could in no wise adjust themselves to my point of view. They said they would be glad to certify to my having a complete novelty, within the limits of their ken. This will indeed be valuable testimony. It is usually in indirect ways - rather than in that of the direct intent, that the greatest good is done. Your aid will probably be far greater and lasting than conceived of.

279 1 saw Mr. Whiting on two other occasions, on the last of which I gave him a copy of 4D. I understand that he is interested, though, in the name of present staticly satisfactory conditions, in the limestone business, opposed to 4D’s realization.

280 At least your sending me to him showed your interest in me which 1 have been anxious to reciprocate, and can therefore only urge that you pay careful heed to what is set forth in 4D. Remember what were prognostications when 4D was written are now in part realities, such as the death of bonds, and the balance is going to take place as well. There are fallacies in certain self conscious action such as the offering to the A.I.A. but that is now straightening itself out.

281 FROM AVERY PIERCE, CHICAGO, ILL. TO NATE PUSEY, PARIS, FRANCE, AUGUST 18, 1928.

282 (Winner of the highest mark in the intellectual competition between Harvard & Yale, Spring of 1928, at present abroad on travel Scholarship.)

283 It will be my purpose in this letter, to link the past, with its memories of pie-stealing from G.WK.'s cafeteria, and later your substitution of a mental diet in the form of a systemized reading outline for me. to the present.

284 In the interim, 1 have been engaged in construction work until the beginning of this summer. Now, of my own choosing, I am night-manager of a small hotel on Belmont Avenue, Chicago. This job supplies the few essentials with which I may live decently, and allows plenty of time to work and develop some new ideas, created and entrusted to me by Mr. R.B. Fuller. Along with Mr. Fuller’s work I am developing a new motor, that will replace the present inefficient reciprocating gas engine now used in auto-motive and air transportation. It is also to be used as the power unit in his decentralized tower house. It makes use of the turbine, using the natural expansion of liquid-air as the propelling medium, with the advantage of low temperature expansion. The liquid air is to be made by now standard reciprocating motion compressors, utilizing natural forces, tide, wind, etc. to store their intermittent force in the useful temporary state of liquid air for selective use ‘‘positively’’ in the turbine. Incidentally this solution of Mr. Fuller’s sets forth the ultimate utility of the two mechanical truths reciprocation for compression and turbine for expansion.

285 Further, I am doing research reading and graphic notes, on his combination auto and airplane. With this triangulation of framing applied to the former; and his gas for compression component of the structural strength of airplane wings which may be instantly inflated into position, in their membraneous duralium casing; and with the lightening thereby attendant as well as in the liquid air turbine, he expects to make instantaneous stoppage of semi-floating planes rolling over vacuum grills. This he expects to play a great part in his decentralized housing so that landings may be made on the houses in polar fields on mountains and in forests areas. These are all 4D inventions or rather logical developments of the truths revealed in his quite remarkable 4D paper.

286 My progress in reading has been effectively carried forward, though rather intermittently. Over a period of two years I have finished all the books included in the outline and have branched out, as you suggested, so that the outline has been increased three-fold. I have also dabbled in philosophy, starting with Socrates and the Greek school, continuing with Kant and Nietzsche and on into the works of Humes, Huxley, Emmerson, Bertrand Russell, and Max Otto, likewise scratching the surface of Einsteins’s theory of Relativity.

287 So you see Nate, that your efforts were not in vain. I am immeasurably grateful for the goal you placed before me. My ever-present hope is, that I may continue my studies, and thereby, in the end, contribute something creatively worthy of consideration.

288 Although circumstances denied my completion of a University course, I hold no regrets, realizing now that self-instruction, with a definite goal in view, is infinitely more educational than our present archaic system of university education, at least, as it is portrayed in the Middle-West, for I have no intimate knowledge of its workings elsewhere, and may only assume that there is a fundamental similarity. There is a time, indeed, when right education is, as nearly as may be, impossible; however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit. I cannot conceive a worse system than that which flourishes here in this land of Babbits. Those, under title of Professors, stationed at the gates to declare that ‘‘This is a university’’, and exact considerable admission fees, to grind out raw-meat into sausages and puppets for the further emolument of dear old ‘‘Siwash’’, are mental Lilliputian samples of this ‘‘buck passing’’ age, whose moral irresponsibility, laziness, and selfish inclination, adherence, gloriously entitles itself ‘‘the age of specialization’’.

289 The primary purpose of this letter will be to introduce to you, as a foreword, Mr. Fuller’s treatise on 4D (Fourth Dimensional) philosophy. A philosophy conceived by him, to prove that, for all the developments in Science, Machinery and Religion; we have neglected their foundation in, or application to, the basis, or rather the nucleus, of all progress and development, namely, the home. Using synthesised, fabricated, and natural materials he has invented and perfected a home, incorporating all the TIME saving units, which will remove the menial and petty tasks, that involve so much of our time. The recaptured TIME to be converted into pursuits of learning and recreation, eventually to be reconverted into ideals and standards marking the ultimate conception of a truly vitalized and universally attractive Utopia. In fact, a bloodless, social revolution or rather a fulfillment of the possibilities of man, is being launched upon the unsuspecting world.

290 Mr. Fuller was born in Milton, Mass., prepped at Milton Academy and went to Harvard. Entering the Navy in the world war, he rose to a full lieutenant in the regular navy, having attended the war class at Annapolis, Md. He captained a number of small craft in the Navy and later served in the transports. Finally, becoming a personal aid to Admiral Gleaves, Commander of the Cruiser and Transport Force. He served successively as Force communication, secret information, statistical, and radio officer. Leaving the Navy at the end of the war, he returned to Armour and Co., with whom he worked before the war. Later he left them to go into the Automotive business. In 1922 he formed a company to develop the Stockade system of wall construction, an invention of his father-in-law, James Monroe Hewlett. Under his control the development of this new building material grew rapidly in the East. Mr. Fuller invented and developed all the machinery for this business. He also developed and patented several wall building developments over and above the Hewlett patents. In 1926 he introduced Stockade to the middle-west, and until last November was President of the Mid-West Corp., having as stockholders and directors a list of men representative of the best known names in Chicago. Other interest bought control of the Corp, and forced Mr. Fuller out.

291 Beforehand the truths set down therein, were continually seeking admission into his thoughts, and, at this time he began writing the 4D paper. As he says, ‘‘My first duty was to de-bunk myself of the selfishness, greed, and self-consciousness which most men are fettered by, realising that good cannot spring from evil, likewise truth from deceit. I had to make myself right before attempting such a task.’’

292 My association with Mr. Fuller began in the early spring of 1927, acting in the capacity of service manager and construction superintendent for the Stockade Co. When Mr. Fuller left I was retained in the same position. By this time I had the idea that I was pretty damn smart. I didn’t realize that inevitable dismissal would come, but thought I was set for life. When it came in March, 1928, I was literally, caught with my pants down. I tried several jobs, and, as Fate would have it, I again sought the aid of Mr. Fuller. Under his guidance I have cured myself of my former selfishness and self-consciousness, and I am happy to state that irregardless of the consequences, I will continue in the present thoughts, interminably.

293 Pardon the brief personal resume, but I thought it necessary to give you the complete picture.

294 In our recent researches, we find that Leonardo-de-Vinci checks with similar ideas to those of 4D. Likewise Thomas Carlyle in his ‘‘Sartor Resartus’’, though he speaks of cloths-consciousness, and H.G. Wells in his ‘‘Men-Like Gods’’ speak along similar lines, but only in the abstract. Mr. Fuller gave, without any taint of plagiarism, unknowingly, these ideas re-birth, going directly from the abstract to the concrete.

295 He has in nine months, written and published this book which I am sending to you, under separate cover. He has secured patent-rights and copy-rights on all his ideas, and has created enough interest among influential and prominent business men to warrant further research. As a very well know engineer puts if, ‘‘Christ came to this earth 1900 years ago and established the principles of unselfishness and love, since then, the only thing comparable is 4D.’’

296 In his paper you will find that R.B.F. emphatically states that the younger generation, our generation, should have and will have far more self control and attain great achievement beyond and despite the static authority of our elders. First, because we have yet to experience the doubts and fears known to our elders, which if avoided will leave us free to constructive thought. 1 grant that a young man shall hold council with his elders, but, let that council be weighed with a proper understanding of the future. Second, with the personal or family equation removed, as it has been in your case and mine. He perceives that we have been free to choose and think for ourselves. Unhindered by the detrimental influences of our parents, although, God bless them, their well-meaning maternal and paternal love as given, is highly respected.

297 It is, with the latter thoughts in mind, that I solicit your thoughts as a representative mind. May I advise you to read this paper with caution, for as it is a new philosophy, the after effect will eventually cause channels of thoughts to form, hitherto, unknown.

298 Before I go any further, Nate, may I extend congratulations for the successes you have already achieved. Also give my kindest regards to John, Margy and the Baby.

299 Due to the ever-present and far-reaching affinity caused by your and Mr. Fuller’s Alma Mater, and, due to my continual boasting of your superior abilities, he wants your opinion of his new philosophy.

21.1  FROM R.B.F. TO PAUL D. NELSON, ESQ., 70 RUE NOTRE DAME DES CHAMPS, PARIS, FRANCE 8/17/28

300The following letter and drawings (under separate cover) were returned to me today. They arrived too late for your boat, due to my misunderstanding of the sailing time.

301 I also enclose copies of letters to my youngest sister, who is now traveling abroad. It seemed to me it would be splendid for her if she could meet you and Francine.

302 In writing to Mr. Hewlett about you, I used this same letter to provide him with the information about you and Francine (you should never be considered separately), for incorporation in his article ‘‘On the Modern Trend’’, which he said he had been asked to write for the Journal of the American Institute of Architects. As I understand it, you wrote him directly regarding your ‘‘Bourse Project’’.

303 I met an architect by the name of Wright yesterday who was here in Chicago from New York City to criticize some model charity tenements. He is one of the ‘‘experts’’ on that sort of thing and, of city planning. I met him once before and he refused to discuss 4D as being ‘‘commercial’’ and designed to extort the money of those whom he herds into his model tenements. He said that he had been thinking over what I had told him, and was more or less ‘‘coming around’ ’’ to the idea, he contested so much with me before that, the test of economics, ‘‘whether you can sell your idea to others’’, had not some measure of value in it. It is probably intemporate of me to be so disgusted with these people, but mind you Wright is ‘‘the expert’’ of the Sage Foundation, etc., and when Gropius, the great German architect, whom you have mentioned, has visited America on various occasions, Mr. Wright, as official member of the Reception Committee, is made to typify American industrial planning to Gropius, who must go back empty handed.

304 This Mr. Wright is quite the opposite of Frank Lloyd Wright, who incidentally is the first aesthetic architect, or creative designer, for whom the foreign architect seeks, on reaching America. For his work has been so outstandingly the most ‘‘freakish’’ as to make him like W. Hale Thompson, one of the ‘‘outstanding Americans.’’

305 In all of Frank Lloyd Wright’s articles, and I say this for I know that he will no sooner hear of 4D than he will claim that he invented it, in his infancy. To prove this he will refer you to Grant’s Tomb or some other equally irrelative exhibit. He shouts his love for materials themselves, in his rush to show how this love for glass and concrete made him the original designer in them. Consequently, he infers, that they properly should be accredited to him, as ‘‘inventor’’, thus ‘‘exposing’’ Mr. Portland as an imposter. Frank Lloyd Wright, by his own testament, loves glass and concrete, feels them in his bones, shows a passion for them that bespeaks almost a form of sexual understanding with them. Wright has tried so many freaks to prove his individual aestheticism, that he can almost claim the use of as many materials as nature herself, and quite as useless as a circus sideshow.

306 To me, also, marble brings, as does all that presents itself to the senses, a picture. To me marble, incorporated in modern building design, represents diffused frozen odors. There is the pink and white representing the odor of the Greek ice-cream parlor, (not the modern Liggett’s or Walgreen’s Drug Store). To me the marble mental references are all of something stale and ‘‘antiqued’’. They bespeak tombs. There is the brown marble, such as Hollabird is so fond of, that bespeaks the dark brown taste of the morning after. It was amusing to watch workmen pasting on one-inch slabs of marble, with gobs of plaster-of-paris, about the already simply finished entrance of the Michigan-Chestnut Bldg. In the not distant future this ‘‘laky’’ veneering, excruciatingly expensive, will be the high water mark of the insincerity of so called ‘‘modern architecture,’’ which two words are manifestly incompatible.

307 From his formulatic use of it, it rather looks as though Hollabird were in some way connected with a marble syndicate, with which he had agreed to take up the surpluses, as in the ‘‘good old’’ brick cleanup days, when refuse piles were cashed in at fancy prices by means of a little aesthetic drivel propaganda, instilled in architectural circles. Hollabird’s marble enterprise may have provided Swartout with the samples from every quarry in the world for the Elk’s Memorial in Chicago. The national Elk’s membership are incidentally well pleased with their building as it costs them but SI.30 a piece. As the really aesthetic architect, such as Granger would say, the ARTICULATION of the Elk’s Memorial is marvelous. This is how most of these temples come about, providing unfortunately the criterion for ‘‘everyday work’’. Under all this material splurge, membership cost, and artist’s ‘‘spread’’, is buried, despite Savage’s excellently executed allegorical murals, and Frasier’s bas-reliefs of the deities of war, the fact that a million lives were sacrificed that materialism might be banished.

308 Every building today in the large American city, in its naked skeleton frame, is almost standardly the same, their architects spend little or none of the large sums, provided by their clients, in improving thefundamental structure. Contrarywise they spend most of it in ladening down the structure with stone, concrete, and other unsegregated material. Probably ninety percent of the strength of the framework is actually employed in supporting this dead weight, marvelously well chosen term ‘‘DEADWEIGHT’’. I enclose the verbatim account from the Chicago Tribune Building page on how limestone is tailor cut, marked, and applied, piece by piece. The number of such individually wrought ‘‘precious-pieces’’ running into the hundreds of thousands for such buildings as the new Medinah Temple in Chicago. This article, inserted in supposedly helpful manner to its goodly advertising client, as are all items on the building pages of American newspapers, shows what a crucifyingly wasteful pall hangs over architecture.

309 Compare the ‘‘heaviness’’ of the foregoing to the beauty, the next time you view it, of the marvelous mechanical crane, and its hundreds of feet of woven steel cable, hanging simply and gracefully down from the heavens, capable of lifting tons, elevating, piece by piece, the damn little custom cut blocks of stone, which have not even efficiency of weather protection in themselves. What a feudal racket!

310 In reasonable interpretation of the superior grace of the steel crane-cable I quote from my original designing notes: ‘‘harmoniously speaking the tendency of a pushline is to deflect itself; while the tendency of a pullline is to straighten and true itself.’’

311 ENCL. TO PAUL D. NELSON, ESQ., ABOARD S.S. PARIS, SAILING FROM N.Y.C. AUG. 11, 1928

312 FROM R.B.F., 8/10/28

313 Enclosed under separate cover is an additional copy of 4D which I thought you might need on the steamer.

314 Also with the 4D copy are two photostat copies of standard letterhead size drafting plans for 4D work. The final form to be printed is now in the process of drafting, so could only send you a preliminary development. The final one has a five meter or 5 Time unit radius instead of 4 as shown in the present pan. (See drawing form next page for insert under tracing paper.)

315 The plan on study is self-explanatory. It makes available in its final printed form (in mild tones (so as not to disturb vision), a free hand sketching field, in isometric, of any portion of the 4D building, the particular section under consideration being indicated on the small tower in the lower left hand corner. The tower is then abstractedly rotated so as to present that section to you in the large isometric which occupies the most prominent portion of the page.

316 The infinity of equilateral triangles for 4D Flooring Air Floats on a standardized one meter basis, as well as the triangular elevator, with the 3 conduit, light, and heat passages; the 3 square meters partition or shell units; or 1 meter triangular exterior units, all work out perfectly.

317 The value of ‘‘free hand’’ drafting is that it bespeaks facile accent into ‘‘free thought’’ as well. This makes intuitive creation an acquirable habit. The recreative value to humanity of this, alone, is thrilling. Starting at the center, afresh, each time and working ‘‘out’’, immediately precludes the former ‘‘substitution’’ scourge on designing that has permitted the substitution of Gypsum plaster for lime plaster, metal lath for wood lath, diamond pulled metal lath for simply perforated etc., never wondering if lath and plaster are fundamentally right; never looking at the big composition and determining if the main preface were not wrong. Thus in building have mentalities grown smaller and more petty. In this new plan they will grow ever larger and more unselfish.

318 The coloring I added, to this particular copy, as an entirely symbolical study, and not directly applicable to design, but to emphasize the planes, and to constantly present to the senses of the designer the fourth dimensional progression of apparent color, starting with complete darkness at the center, progress! ng to complete lightness on the exterior, through the natural green or the mechanical red from the yellow of dawn to the exterior blue of the universe prior to the perfect light of eternity. The interesting thing to note is that whether we wait to progress naturally, or we choose to progress mechanically, we attain the same encompassing sphere in the end, though those who conceive selfishly that the first light is the end-all may tarry at the dirty smoke-producing yellow flame of first temporality, receding as they attribute more and more value to materialism, to the central sphere of frozen blackness, which materialism. Contrary-wise, those who perceive the spheroidal progression may mechanically compass materialism, quickly attaining the encompassing sphere of perfect light of truth. It is unfortunate that I had to paint this (with water color) on the hard surface of the photostate, for much darker shades appear in the progression than should. However, it is decorative and demands contemplation and resultant thought, so 1 send it to you to go with the 4D tower house sketch. Framed together they would at least qualify for the lowest grade of mention, so flagrantly used, ‘‘Amusing.’’

319 We are standardizing on violet as indicating insulating panels of sound, light, heat, or whatever there is to insulate or filter, in other words, mechanical control of passage.

320 Th'e nomenclature of our 4D Tower House works itself out. For instance the house shown in the lower left would be a Model 4T 9 PLANE House. 4T for number of metrical time units in radius and 9 plane is self evident. We will finally get people boasting about how many planes and Time units their house has.

321 Each person has an individual floor, which may be divided into 3 parts - Refreshing and Dressing section - Living or Study section - Sleeping section, or kept as one whole open deck opening out in all directions, with these utility units in the center, the latter being my own choice of the solution. Another solution is to have overhead trolley hung, or pneumatic, partitions and furniture, movable to any side of the tower desirable.

322 The common planes of the house, that is general assembling, eating and power planes, are still at the top of the mast and the lower rooms or individual planes may be added by extra sections of mast, elevator cable, and flooring, etc., with appropriate utility units, with fixed ratio of cost.

323 Then extra planes, providing greater luxury, may be added below the planes of individual occupancy, say gymnasium deck, library deck, dancing deck, music deck, and as the lowest deck a semi-spheroidal swimming pool which would round out the appearance of the bottom. The plates of this should be of our equilateral triangular double vacuum panes, so that the water and the figures might be seen from below, and the diving swimmer reach the light glass at the bottom. Think of the appearance of this from below at night, with indirect lighting, or of passing up through it in the elevator. You can go on for hours, thinking of perfectly logical, harmonious solutions.

324 When houses become well decentralized an hospital deck will be an excellent adjunct and the decks being; sound isolated, such a deck might prove a desirable outlet for charitable and nursing instincts of home owners. Considering the low upkeep cost of 4D houses the assumption generally of such burdens, would soon relieve very much of the world’s unattended suffering.

325 Note that a permanent boom and hoisting cable will be affixed to the radio, visual signal, and airplane beacon mast at the top of the Tower House, not only to aid in the erection of the house, but to hoist up any later utility, or luxury units, or provisions. This is so much more logical than having to thread them up through the central triangular elevator passage. The allowance for this occasional necessity has confingly effected both the furniture itself and human passages in prior architecture.

326 The mention of the word ‘‘architecture’’ reminds me, that as soon as we have adjusted people to our 4D purposes, we will drop the use of ‘‘architecture’’ in conjunction with 4D designing..It has no ‘‘archaic’’ materialistic reference, its only common truth with the ‘‘past’’ being the eternal abstract truths themselves, and consideration of temporal dynamics, which, as solved on the4D basis, become to a great extent effaced from unhappy consideration as they are made use of rather than opposed.

327 This method of standardized drafting - works itself out with our centralized method following the
single truth principle. There are many fascinating revelations in the geometry of it that you will continually come upon. It is like graphology of descriptive geometry, come to life.

328 In locating any eccentric point in our building the following method is being standardized on.

329 You will note that the TOP extremity has been chosen as the 0° or 360° point, after the navy plan. (The wedding of time numbers and metric system takes place here.) Orientating clockwise, from that point, the 60’ points are marked off. In our final drawing radiating TIME lines, every 5° in orientation are shown, also tilted back into the same plane as the isometric horizontal plane, with the intersection of the central TIME line, or mast, and the floor plane as the axis, from which parallels of angular division may be protracted to any point in the drawing.

330 Now to locate any point use the following formula:

331 T (distance from center out in meters, decimeters and millimeters.

332 O (Orientation from 0‘‘ in degrees; minutes and seconds.

333 P (Plane height - in Meters, decimeters, centimeters and millimeters.

334 This formula which we will then call the TOP formula for short, will give us the following numbers, as an example:

335 T 3742 MM

336 O 75’-40’-32’’

337 P 20612. MM

338 This may be graphed in very vividly.

339

340 The average architect passes the ‘‘buck’’, of really creative work, to his draftsmen. At the same time he is quite likely to be unjustly disdainful of them. The draftsmen are doing the work, in so many instances, of the real ‘‘thinkers.’’ The usual architectural firm, popularly known, is that in which the ‘‘firm name’’—man is an aesthetic salesmen, and the constructive thinking is done by his draftsmen and ‘‘specifications’’ man. He is successful because of the organization behind him grinding out stylistic tailoring jobs, based, of course, on some necessary mechanical hook-up, all of which the draftsmen ‘‘dope out’’.

341 While the ‘‘apprenticeship’’ idea was a necessity in the arts and crafts days, it is progress blocking today. Under the old apprenticeship system there are a multitude of excellent designers, buried, in architectural offices at present. The infectiousness of the 4D idea will rapidly spread amongst the draftsmen of the country from the nucleus of exceptionally able men comprising the first 4D class. It will be interesting to note somewhat of the history of these men. The leader of the class, who assembled them and asked me to instruct them on the principles of 4D designing, is Leland Atwood, 27 years old, artist and draftsmen. He has studied at the University of Michigan, where he first proposed to become an engineering student, but taken with the possibilities of building design, took up architecture. His main master there was Louis Boynton, formerly with Cass Gilbert. Eliel Saarineen, the distinguished Scandinavian architect, was also one of his masters of drafting. Others of the class are Robert Paul Schweikler, 25 years old, and married, who studied for two years in electrical engineering at Colorado whence he proceeded to Northwestern University for one year of academic study. While in Chicago, he won the scholarship of the Chicago Architectural Sketch Club, which sent him to the Yale University Architectural School which he is now attending for the 2nd year. During this summer he was in Chicago working in Russell Walcott’s office prior to return to New Haven. His most dominant master is Otto Faelton, formerly of the firm of James Gambril Rogers, who as the designing architect for the Harkness Quadrangle, was made Professor of Architecture at Yale. Schweikler reports that both Faelton and Dean Meeks are, as in generally thought, striving sincerely to work out a new and truthful philosphy of design. Schweikler is taking 4D back to New Haven, where he will make it the subject of study at the Architectural Society and propound it to the faculty.

342 Another is Clair Hinkley, 30, married and having two children, who attained the highest marks at the Armour Institute Architectural School, before that school had become a part of the Beaux Arts Institute of Design group, and therefore having none of the scholarships or awards which would otherwise have attended his work. Hinkley has aided me tremendously in all my 4D design study giving of his time freely and effectively.

343 A young member of the group is Tad E. Samuelson, honor student of the Armour Institute, 22 years old, at present with David Adler. He lately won the first medal of the Beaux Arts School of Design, his project, a Protestant Church being hung at the Art Institute in May of this year, in the Architectural League Exhibit. His critic was H.K. Biege, Paris Prize winner of 1924, just returned and at present with Holabird and Root. This will give you an idea of the calibre of these men.

344 The thrill that these draftsmen are having at realizing that they are now drawing up the designs for the future houses of possibly millions of people, is the thrill of the new art of recreation, of an intuitively logical composition. Those who have not felt the thrill of visioning the reproduction of a printed page, created by themselves, or witnessed a machine in operation designed by them, or a mold which they have formed, turning out its replica product, as an actual economically consumable unit, can never claim to know the thrill of modern creative artistry. Pacing up and down all night long, for instance, as the culmination of months of work in crystallizing thoughts, collating the pages of the first edition of 4D for the Architects convention, that sensation of thrilling affection for work demanded by no human voice, but abstractly called for in thundering tones, in the name of humanity, was that which animated the physical machine, in almost ceaseless progression.

345 Simple as it may seem, this drafting chart is the result of considerable careful research, analysis, and design.

346 It certainly has a truthful, logical universal language - the name for this form will be 4D CHART No. 1. As you or we develop others, numbers will be allotted per our automatic lettering system for forms or inquiry, etc., which I worked out as an absolute necessity to my original 4D organization studies. This- system is comprised of one of 12 letters ‘‘A’’ to ‘‘L’’ inclusive followed by a number of 3 digits, the first two representing the subtopical subject within that department; the activity point of (1) Research, (2) Analysis, (3) Design, or (4) Practice as the last digits: A073, meaning ‘‘Administration Department ‘‘information’’ design of procedure’’. 1 will send you a reference chart of this. This careful nomenclature is essential in view of the size of the coming 4D industry.

347 Also I would mention that I mailed you under separate cover some ‘‘mimeograph data’’ which will explain some of the mechanics of the new mimeo multiple creation art we discussed. I have asked the ‘‘Ditto’’ people to mail you circulars on their process, which multicolor, single imprint, in combination with the mimeo line drawing, has great possibilities. Before we have ‘‘finished’’ we will have cleansed the mimeograph of its pettyness, as useful only for sending out seldom read ‘‘form’’ propaganda. In place of the disdain, with which it is now tossed into the waste basket, we will have it as honored as the original of any ‘‘preliminary sketches’’ of worth-while compositions, for the superlative dressing of finer printing, without which ‘‘shallow’’ persons cannot stomach the printed ‘‘thought’’. Inasmuch as there is nothing precious about our world encompassing composition these working sketches, must perforce be lacking in minute finish, and therefore but emphasize the large scale solutions to those who are open-minded, unselfcentered, and truthful.

348 R.B. FULLER

349 From R.B. Fuller to Vincent Astor, Esq., New York City. 8/28/28

350 Dear Vincent:

351 The occasion of my writing you is so important as to have warranted my taking weeks to compose this letter. Knowing this, I am confident you will give it the thorough reading and reasonable thought which I am not alone in stating it to deserve. You will find corroboratory statements by eminent men on the pages which have been marked in my 4D book, which I am mailing you under separate cover. I hope, with the full force of my heart, that you will read it immediately.

352 You will recall my fibre building block business, discussed with you for the first time as we walked one day from the submarine base at New London to the Griswold, and of which I have written you from time to time. It had no sooner gained headway than management control of it was lost to me last year. Though a bitter blow at the time, it proved to be the shock necessary to both: enlighten me upon, and enliven me to, respectively; the utter futility of existing building conditions, as a decent business; and to a program of economical, mechanical cure.

353 Out of the maelstrom of the six years fight to establish the business taken from me, has emerged the 4D house, clearly and logically shaping itself. Just as logically as your first Diesel yacht ‘‘Nourmahal’’ shaped itself, as a definite solution of a new problem, quite devoid of archaic designing references, as for instance to the clipper ship, whose archaic dominance had persisted in the design of the uneconomical steam yacht, up to that time, ‘‘romantically’’ retaining its useless wind rigging, clipper bow, and many another feudal banality.

354 Having encountered the many problems set forth in my 4D book, there came to my assistance the logic and fundamental functional sense, inherent from my long association and natural love of the sea and its boats.

355 In the world afloat exists none of the bunkum of archaic design and assininic aesthetics that are the first consideration in the up-to-the-present-day house designing.

356 I won’t go into this in any detail in my letter, for I have covered it to the best of my ability in the 4D paper, which you must read absolutely in the order set down. As with the combination of a safe, it has been worked backwards from a proven result and the numbers symbolic of commonly recognized truths, may not be aesthetically chosen, at random, and an effective combination result.

357 Your thoughtful kindness in presenting me with your aeroplane for two weeks, as indicative of your spontaneous friendship, I have never forgotten, and have always hoped to repay you, with accrued and compounded interest, at some later date.

358 That time has now come, and it is for this that I send you the 4D book. The events forecast must logically take place, and are already gaining momentum. They will sweep many worn out, yet deep rooted institutions, before them. As this cannot but affect your affairs deeply, I want you to know of all this in advance of general publication and awareness. You are used to doing your own thinking, and need only to have 4D set before you to realize its momentousness.

359 I have always liked you so sincerely well, and admired your unostentatious love of the sea, marked ability as a sailor, and master of mechanics, which I recall as absolutely natural in you. Indeed, your interest in these affairs was the fundamental background of our friendship.

360 Of this real significance of yourself I find the public has little or no knowledge. If the public were aware of such significance, it would be unappreciative. The public is still so enveloped in bunkum, as to relative values, that it vaguely prizes you more for the value of a name, long connected with wealth, than for your own character, ability, and individual identity; more as an institution than the damned fine person you are.

361 For instance, I know none who recall that you commanded on its post-war voyage to this country, the German submarine sea raider, U-34, demanding more than ordinary ability, even amongst professional seafaring men. There are few of the public who, thinking of submarines at all, other than to picture them as a form of hell trap, realize the accidents that have come upon them, were of personal equation origin, usually external, and no more the fault of the machine than of a Rolls-Royce in a street smash, the submarine machinery having functioned, internally, far beyond expectation in such accidents. The public fails to perceive the ‘‘hell trap’’ idea to be undeserved by the submarine, as a mechanical unit itself, ‘‘the elder’’ portion of the public being mechanically incompetent mentally. They do not know that the submarine is the greatest single concentrate grouping of mechanically perfected units, devised to date, and, whether eventually useful as a war weapon, or not, at least it has been the proving ground of many of the most beneficial of mankind’s mechanical servants. Unaware of the intricacy of a submarine they are naturally unappreciative of your ability in commanding one.

362 Again, few know that you were one of the first to patronize flying, as an every day accessory to life, by purchase and practical commuting use of a plane; to wit:—An Hearst paper editorial here, in Chicago, a short while ago, which queried, scathingly, a< to why some of the rich men of today were not taking up aeroplaning as a good example to the public, after the fashion of Mr. Vanderbilt with automobiling in its early days.

363 I remember discussing with you one evening at your house in Newport, with pleasurable revelation of each other’s fund of thought on the subject, our mutual interest in everything to do with boats and mechanical developments. Commonplace as this may seem now, it was actually significant then as being considered slightly moronish, and quite flavoring of the ‘‘garage man’’, for people to be really interested in mechanical developments.

364 That you were honestly interested in naval mechanical organization and perfection, not in just ‘‘dressing up in uniform to play officer’’ as is the customary unthinking accusation, to the extent of sincerely taking part in, and living aboard the Eagle boats, not having your quite available, and far more comfortable, yacht trail us; that, with me, you were as interested in the perfection of cooking and feeding, in mechanical solutions, in maintenance ability of sanitation in living quarters, and in mental organization able to subordinate an intricacy of mechanics to the useful and easy service of the mind; plus your ability to play, unhypocritically, exhibiting a profound yet happy understanding of a life, was a great, corroborating, inspiration to me, which I have always carried with me, with great elation in reflection upon it, for there was then, and for that matter, still is, little comprehension and appreciation of these things by our ‘‘socially smart’’ acquaintances.

365 Incidentally your attitude of responsibility, pride in ships, sure, easy, cooperative command that made infinite detail of orderly compliance an industrious pleasure to your ship commanders and crews upon the occasion of minor, though none-the-less of historical interest in navy annals: to wit the first inspection by Admiral Sims of the Eagle Boats, then under your Squadron command, which he had ordered to supplant the destroyer forces; which was as well, the occasion of his last inspection, afloat, before his retirement from the naval service. This event was typical of your subordination of extra prejudicial conditions to the best interests of all, your identity being solely that of squadron commander, your ships and their personnel thereby revealing themselves to the best advantage of the service. I have the Admiral’s flag, which was flown at that time and which we also flew on our memorably pleasant ‘‘cruise’’, with Admiral Gleaves as our guest, in the Eagle #15.

366 Sailing boats were, at that time, naturally ‘‘quite alright’’ as something to play with personally. They had historic precedent, but anything mechanical seemed to smack of poor sportsmanship to the dictators of ‘‘what is being done’’. Steam and mechanical yachts were something to have operated by paid hands. Navy activity outside of war time, to say the least, was termed ‘‘naive’’. In inferring their error I am laying no stress on motor boat racing as being alluring, though a means of mechanical test, for the same thoughtless element are interested in horse racing, not for the love of the racing unit itself, but for the lazy men’s hope of getting something for nothing, and the inherent fascination of speed in any form. Speed is the progressive essence of temporality. That our sympathy with these and other interests have been so similar, I have always born with me. Once a really concordant friendship is created, upon such a reasonable basis, I doubt if it may become broken. For this reason I write you at such length on the subject which I perceive to be the most important that will ever confront either of us, that you may serve as you best see fit.

367 It was actually suggested to me, not long after I had given up command of the 15, that you were a little queer to be ‘‘fooling around’’ with the Navy.

368 Compare such supercilious attitude, as that, to the words of so distinguished a publicist as Richard Washburn Child, in an article written during the world war, commenting upon the congressional investigation of the War Department, a quotation from which was used in the Foreword of our Annapolis Naval Academy Memory Book: ‘‘Are all the good things they are saying about the Navy true? Plenty of Americans are asking. The answer is an emphatic ‘‘yes.’’ If it were all as good as the Navy, as clean, as simple, as free from buncombe, boasts, and botches, then we would have a war machine indeed; ten minutes with the Navy is enough to convince any observer that the Navy organization bears to the War Department organization the same relation that a Greek Temple bears to a dish of scrambled eggs. . . Armies are sensational. But it was and is the British and American Navies which can and will save the world . . . The Navy is the key to our self-respect and our self-defense. So it will be until the sea is solid . . . the Navy—praise be—has it.’’

369 While written under far different world conditions than those of today—Mr. Child was inadvertently forecasting the events which I now perceive to be close at hand, wherein the naval officers will, with their training, far superior to any other which I know of (and which incidentally showed many of our Harvard men to disadvantage under the grueling requirements of the Naval Academy), be called into executive activity of which the run of business executives are incapable.

370 Relative to the same thought the entrance of Lindberg and Lanphiere into commercial aviation direction, is significant of the step-up of the caliber of world industry management from bullying management without technical knowledge, in hit-or-miss-with-a-bang, to wide scientific and practical knowledge (not worn on the surface, any more than on a neatly uniformed officer, of vast training).

371 Returning to the crux of my argument, Naval officers, capable of handling fleets made up of a myriad of Battleships, destroyers, submarines, airplanes, supply and hospital ships, with crews of thousands of men, who must be fed, rested, clothed, employed, entertained and trained, moving in orderly fashion in fair weather or foul, divested of all reference to so 'called ‘‘land advantages,’’ beyond an orderly delivery and equally orderly . . . distribution of supplies; these naval officers, trained to ably handle any and all mechanism of this service, through the whole range from submarine signal and torpedo mechanism, etc., to the most delicate of range-keeping instruments, trained in instantaneous logic as to ‘‘what do’’, in an infinity of emergencies, from ‘‘man over board’’, to ‘‘enemy submarine reported on the port bow’’, will be called into the handling of centrally manufactured, decentralized-hook-up housing, which none of our ‘‘smart’’ businessmen, who primarily cannot even drive their own automobiles, let alone conceive of such a housing industry, have naturally missed. The naval officers who have been ‘‘admitted’’ to business life, to

372 which they have tried to adjust themselves, truly ‘‘settling down to business’’, have had their senses so dulled and befuddled by the disorderly and colossal ramification of business, which they had been led to ‘‘believe’’ were so business-like, in comparison to the Navy, by its blustering thick-headed feudal leaders whom they honored, a they had learned to honor their seniors in experience, as to have been forced to consider themselves ‘‘stupid’’ for, being unable to detect the ‘‘system,’’ being unaware of the colossal bunkum that hid from them the fact that there is little or no system in business in comparison to the orderliness and efficiency of the Navy, outside of the money collecting systems of the bankers.

373 This is quite natural when we realize, as will be clearly shown in the 4D paper, that the main business, that of housing, has been missed, and attempts made to organize cave dwelling or adobe construction methods into so called modern channels, have not only been pathetically inadequate, but have produced such an evasive cloud over the main issue, as to envelop the other side issues, which comprise the bulk of industry today, in unbalanced fashion.

374 It seems to me that every contact and incident of experience has been purposely arranged, provided decent unselfish advantage is taken of it. My meeting you and knowing this side of you; my own after experiences which have brought forth this true course of thought into a useful product, organization, and procedure plan, which could only have been revealed to me, through hardships of life, to which you would never be exposed, would seem to point to my submission of it to you, to enlist your active participation in its establishment and permanent management, as being the very ultimate usefulness to mankind for which your experience has fitted you. Thank heavens, I know in saying this, that you will make no demurer about your not having had training in the building field. Read the book and you will understand that training in the ‘‘building field’’ could only have been a distinct handicap, a hardening of the arteries so to speak. Reversion to the principles that recommend ‘‘Good Old Riley’’ to be the house builder, because his grandfather was the first ‘‘privy’’ builder in town, and whose product is tested by the brick biter, floorboard taster type of expert. This is in no way a fund solicitation, as you will also understand in reading 4D, rather it will have to pay you commensurate with your value, which will be very great. This will involve wolf encircling activity to which you are naturally given, and a debunked business world to which you further would be naturally attracted.

375 Vincent, take this book aboard your ‘‘Nourmahal’’ leaving orders that you shall not be disturbed until you have finished it. When you have, step to the side. If you are anchored off 23rd St. at your old berth in the East River, look at the Brooklyn and Manhattan shores, waiving aside all sentimental Fog and observe searchingly and critically this aesthetically termed ‘‘picturesque’’ brick, stone, tin, tar and gravel and mudmortar city. Divest it of the animation of its people as a deserted junk pile and compare it to the beauty of your own lithesome colorful ship.

376 Picture on the shores a city of 4D design, in place of the hit and miss, American Institute of Bow ■& Arrow Boys’ pile-em-up, paste-em-together architecture. This ‘‘aesthetically’’ interior-decorated architecture, or archaic style designing, is similar to our childhood toy-shop-boat-maker’s products, which enraged the senses of any child who knew boats, consisting of a hunk of wood, ridiculously painted, with a pink smelly paint, that always came off, with waterline around the neck, so to speak, lines devoid of reference to any real boat, a nonsensical rectangular metal blade stuck in a groove in the bottom, as with , the old wooden-top skates, and paper or glucosed cotton sails pasted onto mast and fixed spars, immobile, sense insulting. Compare the latter ‘‘sissy-boys’’ toys, with the quantity production destroyers, turned out during the war, which were as artistic, or harmoniously handsome, as any mechanical contrivance produced by man, up to that time, only being enhanced by their reasonable and deceptive camouflage, and only equalled since by the creations of a few of the airplane manufacturers of racing and pursuit planes. The latter designs in turn may only be surpassed in beauty by a city of 4D tower structures, lithesome, trim, colorful, and as functionally correct, no matter what the function be, as are the motor canal barge, seagoing tug-steam trawler, submarine, racing shell, sailing yacht, out-board motor skimmer, or Nourmahal, all classified as boats, but of endless, inspirational, honest solutions.

377 These solutions become the more beautifully effective upon our sensibilities as they attain the rhythm of functional-line repetition, (which rhythm even in unfunctional form sells many a motor car atrocity, through repetition of vision) through some measure of standardized quantity reproduction of ‘‘static’’. We have personally tested out such productions as the Eagle boats, or the samples of the Emergency Fleet Builders, which were allotted to us in the transport service, to help return troops, from which we received hourly reports of propellers and rudders dropping off, or plate leaks spring at sea. The latter were so uneconomically designed, as to be relegated by industry to colossal discard flotillas, which in abandoned forlornness will only be outclassed by the appearance of our present graft-infested, feudal-exploitation building, which none can afford to maintain, when the new era, centrally produced, truly functionally designed, and as truly beautiful for the same reason that the destroyer is beautiful, mobile tower housing takes root.

378 When this happens, and the knowledge of its advantage begins to gain general public.proportions, will the demand be so great as to make 4D housing actually increase in value with resale, it being impossible to rehouse the population of the earth, to the extent of market surfeit, within a lesser period than a century or more. The financing of purchase under such condition will be economically reduced to a low percentage rate, there being safety, rather than risk, in such capital employment. Labor unemployment, except for the mentally deficient, will vanish with this new industry. Houses will then, like all other machinery today, be sold on a weight times longevity basis, which I term its specific economy.

379 Boats, 20 years old and more, properly cared for, have resold at ever increasing figures, due to their functional honesty, which prevented their obsolescence, a fact generally unknown to the public; plus a demand in excess of supply. This fact should be well marked by motor car manufacturers, who have starved themselves in this country through production of 3 year stylistic junk superstructures, trying to outguess the other fellow, instead of making a true solution for themselves.

380 It is noteworthy that we never speak of ‘‘second hand boats’’. They have been so functionally designed through the exigencies of the element as to have character of their own, of such sterling quality, as to rather make their passengers seem temporary, and second hand, than to suffer themselves at the hands of time.

381 This increase in boat values has been gradual, and produced through knowledge of the pleasure of boating diffused by magazines supported by advertising of standardized boats and accessories. These, instead of surfeiting the market, have stimulated it into life.

382 4D will not only appeal to you for its reason and logic, but because, while devastatingly denunciatory of certain ethical and aesthetic institutions and professions, which denunciations you will be highly in sympathy with, it has an happy attribute, not found in partnership with such fault finding as that of Upton Sinclair, which, being only negative, is unjustificable and disillusioning to no end. What I mean is, that those who have read deeply into 4D have found their appreciation of life and its progression vastly improved, and in the void a new, fuller, and happier sense of mental poise and purposefulness than they have ever had before. Almost to their bewilderment, they may take the new concepts with them into the thick of life and not be forced to leave them behind, as with the fictitionary based romance of the novel, or the happy theories of the university garden which quickly fade and become useless in the big game.

383 At the beginning of the war when I was based at Bar Harbor and German Submarine activity was constantly being reported about that portion of the coast (and very properly, as was later learned) we had a valiant little fleet of former yachts, which had been stripped of every vestige of pleasure boating, and fitted for service after the best conceptions of their conglomerate crews of yacht hands and fishermen, painted grey, trimmed down. They had an exceedingly business-like appearance the counterpart of which you well remember, in the form of your own yacht which you donated to the service. Handsomer than any former yacht they were, to me, functional and apparently powerful.

384 On one of those exquisitely clear Maine days when the irrepressible thrill of the scene is unforgettably intermingled with the intoxicating fragrance of the vast stretches of Canadian and Maine pine woods, with the tang of sea weed smell from the deeply exposed rocks of the great Fundy tide, in the presence of which essence of nature no mean and tawdry thing may expose itself except to ridicule, we were ordered out on our first serious sortie, a submarine being reported. What we could possibly have done about it with a few rifles and machine guns, Lord knows, but serious as hell, like many another in those days, we ‘‘put out.’’

385 As we passed Great Head, standing out to sea, we ran close aboard of a Fox Film moving picture outfit, which had constructed a combination replica of an old Roman galley, a Viking ship, and Columbus’ Santa Maria (for the movie boys were quite unauthentic in those days).

386 This damned craft, high as a hansom cab in proportion to waterline, and painted like a side-show advertisement, was riding high, wide, and handsome on the ground swell, being rowed somewhat after the manner of the Central Park Oarsman, whose oars act like the paddles of a side wheeler, and, despite the sweating efforts of its leopard skin-bedecked crew of 30 odd slackers, was creeping along at about one- twentieth of a knot. Beside the trim grey hulls of our little fleet, slipping gracefully and silently out, this tub and its ‘‘picturesque’’ crew made a scene of ridiculousness, not dissimilar to a comparison with the new 4D tower house designs, so trim, complete, and handsome, of the Gothic and other archaic styles, still applied, both in method and decorative folderol appearance, to the products of the so called ‘‘building industry’’ today.

387 The aesthetic drivel with which architects, who are responsible for the styles, have been educated, is partly responsible for this; but so are the business men, the advertising council, the banking exploiters of ‘‘good old static properties’’, who have labored under the delusion, that in housing the true function in design must be hidden or avoided, fearing that every house might look the same and put dullness into life, etc., without ability to reason their fears away in reliance upon truth, which may unfailingly be depended upon. An excellent example of the accomplishment of truth in boat designing as opposed to the lack of it in building design was portrayed in a recent graphic section of the New York Sunday Times. It exhibited one above the other. The picture of a ‘‘Princeton Eight’’ lightly carrying its shell, than which there is nothing more carefully designed, in weight-reduction-to-the-ounce, and equally beautiful; this, exhibited above the picture of a group of fat and ‘‘formally’’ dressed business and religious bosses, faces ill suppressing their pleasure at having their picture taken as they assumed official action poses about a three-ton block of granite, inscribed with a kosher sign or similar symbol, the devastatingly wasteful ‘‘corner stone’’ of some new and essentially useless religious building, to serve as additional food for the sentimental-‘‘line’’- maintaining gush about the Irish and the Jews.

388 One has only to turn to the sea to view the multitude of functional solutions of various and sundry problems, such as that of the Grand Banks fisherman with its definite characteristics, the sea sled, the multitude of yacht classes etc., which despite natural standardization, which term you will find well analysed in 4D, present in grand assemblage, such as at New London for the Yale-Harvard boat races, as brilliantly fascinating a spectacle as may be imagined. The many superficial variations of the standardized wartime subchaser in adaptation to yachting should in itself answer all argument as to tiresome similarity. There are four such subchasers converted into yachts berthed in Belmont Harbor here in Chicago, which are so dissimilar in their owner’s solutions as to be impossible of recognition by the laymen as being standardized craft.

389 This is because boats have been for the last four centuries the tool of the real pioneer and gentleman rover. Never a land pioneer so hardy as the sailor, despite all arguments. Boats are put to the death test of the elements. Imagine taking the Woolworth or Graybar building to sea, and yet neither has greater capacity nor mechanical ability to serve than the Leviathan and has taken many times the weight of material, per cubic foot, to solve that problem. The Leviathan is not tied down to any sewerage system or other political privilege artery, or property paralysis. It is significant that the worst looking houses in the world are at its yachting center Marblehead. The yachting gentry, inherently disdainful of ‘‘stylism’’, have been supplied no 20th Century homes and have in the interim contented themselves with great sprawling shacks.

390 The point is well demonstrated in boat design that no matter how well we plan we may never attain perfection, though each time, as the new shape acquires meaning and functionalism to our eyes, it becomes more beautiful. The Sender class boats which were thought the best that might be devised in 1910 are today relegated to a back position in racing classes. Along came the goose neck to supplant the old boom jaws, and the hollow spars and the Marconi rig etc. and the improvements will ever continue, there being none of the handicap of the bank retarding influence of the industrial equation in boats, that there is in automobiles, which greatly retard the latter’s progress, to wit such errors as the wasteful, warpable, quadrangular framing of motor cars. This influence would completely retard, were it not for the element of competition.

391 In America then, as heritage of our forefathers, the sea has been the ultimate field of endeavor, or recreation, of the leaders of its people, and the artistry of old blind Herreshoff will in time to come be considered so much more beautiful than that of any stylistic aesthetic architect, hitherto, that there may be even no comparison. Can you imagine Mr. Herreshoff raving about the ‘‘articulations’’ of the keel, or the ‘‘interest’’ of the free board or the ‘‘warmth’’ of a daisy chain pattern about the portholes, etc. We can’t even stand for the old time self-conscious gilded rococo of the figure-head, which would blaspheme the simple beauty of a ship today. Do you remember seeing at Marblehead several small yachts designed to look like Dewey’s flagship, etc., which seemed to indicate a light headed owner. Our first consideration of a boat is never what she will look like on the outside to the neighbors. What we are interested in is her seaworthiness, speed, accommodations, draft, etc. That we do make the exterior of the hull beautiful, is due to the complete advantage of the longevity of the boat, if properly scraped and painted, etc., and to the unfailable moral sustenance of orderliness and cleanliness.

392 It must be clearly understood that no intention is had of designing houses to look like boats, any more than row boats should be made to look like battle cruisers. Such a silly ‘‘motif’ is to be seen in the laboratory building of Albert Einstein in Europe designed as a sort of concrete submarine conning tower. Such silliness might best be pictured by the boats made of flowers and tooth brushes on the parade float. Lacking knowledge of the ways of the sea, this is the mental picture of the average architect approached on the subject. The new 4D housing industry will mark the revivication of the ship yard facilities which have increasingly lost usefulness until today, being in competition with uneconomical, feudal, subsidies. Such companies as the American Car & Foundry, which today produces in quantity, and on a standardized basis, not only such mobile units as railroad cars, but also busses, and seven models of standardized yachts, etc., will fall automatically into the production of 4D houses as a replacement of their soon to dwindle railroad equipment business, for logical reasons set forth in the 4D book. Mr. W.H. Woodin, President of the A.C.F., will be shy, having lost money several years ago in the typically uneconomical housing scheme of an architect, to wit that, in this case, of Grovesnor Atterbury, architect for the Sage Foundation and Forrest Hills. The latter’s plan involved precasting of whole, standardly produced, Gothic or Renaissance, etc., sides of houses, in factories, and putting in special railroad siding to sites of work, and special derricks to hoist up these ponderous sections from the flat cars, etc. The astounding thing is that Woodin ever went into such a proposition, he must have left it to an ‘‘expert’’ to advise him. He could never have conceived economic daylight for it himself. Possibly, as so often stupidly happens in business, he did it to selfishly promote rail and equipment business, which shortsighted manner of operation always has a kick back.

393 It is because of the inherent beauty of boats (and now that toy makers have learned what prices they may get for good ones, the most beautiful toys in the toy shop today are the boats) and our mutual appreciation of them, and the fact that they bespeak the greatest enforced honesty of design plus perfection of age old test, that I hope you too will be fascinated by and comprehend 4D. People are going to have an art in building that they can all understand, without recourse to the Aesthetical ‘‘outguess the other fellow’’ comments of a Beaux Arts graduate. Its infectiousness will be irresistible.

394 I am sure you will appreciate that it has not been easy to ‘‘go off’ on uncharted courses, despite the approved practice of much revered seniors. Once ‘‘out there’’ however, you have to captain your own ship. There are none to inquire of. You had might as well jump over-board as to ask decisions of one of your crew, no matter how trustworthy they may be as lookouts or leadsmen. If in reaching the destination I seem to have steered a course which could be greatly simplified it is hoped that this may be overlooked in thanksgiving that I ‘‘arrived’’ at all. Moreover, if I seem a little over-positive in my pronouncements, it is attributable to the essential attitude of determination in sailing such unknown waters. This attitude has been ever more ‘‘toughened’’ by constant challenge that such unknown oceans are only open to those licensed by a CE—PHD—MA—BAM or a Kentucky Deputy Colonelcy, etc., and, if I have crossed them without the advantage of such certificate, especially without the degrees of one of the myriad new graduate Business Schools, where menial tasks are smothered with bunkum of ‘‘specialists’’ titles to grease the wheels of industry by feudalistically endowed universities, it is to say the least, spleen raising, to sail into the harbor at last with a load of treasures to give away to the townspeople and have them object even to our ‘‘dropping anchor.’’ However, being determined, we have succeeded in getting over both anchors. All we ask now is that boats be sent out to help us unload.

395 I have no design in submitting this to you other than those bespoken already in this letter or in the 4D paper. Please write me as soon as you have finished it. I will soon send you a part two which is now being written, but which is only complimentary rather than essential to the meaning of 4D itself:

396 You know me well enough, and the fun I have had in partaking of the amusements and troubles of every walk of life, and I hereby state, lest there be doubt of my sincerity, that I have partaken of every material indulgence and most of them with, if not natural, at least acquired pleasure, to know that I am in no way sanctimonious in my attitude toward the many basic interests of life, the truth of which, properly revealed through hardship, experience, and reason, can not be temporized with, and any claim to courage or decency be made upon my own conscience much less upon the credit of my friends. Contrary to the attitude of arbitrary laws of bestial man, natural law does not hold responsible those in ignorance of its truths, recognition of which fact by me will have to be borne constantly in mind in reading 4D, but those whom nature has painstakingly invested with knowledge, either throbgh hereditary isolation of mental powers, or through irrefutable and painful demonstration of Jiving or life-taking examples, the latter expositions either in whole or in part; may in no selfish way avoid the responsibility of the knowledge of truth. I have tried to temporize with this fact, in varying degrees, throughout my life, trying always, I must recite in my favor, to arrange that any indulgence on my part, be paid for by me alone, and despite others having been afflicted with temporary and casual pangs of worry over me, I have in the main succeeded in this, and the internal payments have in the end resulted in what I have laid before you in this letter and my 4D book.

397 Wherefore, rather than laboring under any self delusion, in setting an unwavering course for myself, (despite desires, which, having been well cultivated, are real temptations rather than the quasi ones of the anemic Godhopper) of exclusive messianic investment, which inevitable inference, wrought of the fervent earnestness with which it was created, has already been vouchsafed by students of 4D, do I conceive the simplicity of its revelations as only the goal towards which all reasonable persons, like yourself, tend, and, in which progression, the measure of experience is the mileage meter and speedometer. To deny the truth, for instance, out of mere deference to my father-in-law, who says he hates anyone proffering aught to him with the inference, ‘‘this is it’’, or to Mr. Krakow (mentioned in the third addenda of 4D), who shys like a high tempered horse at panaceas, simply because they are gun-shy, through one or another exploitment wound, would be weak-livered in the extreme, and, indeed, less than an eventual kindness to them or any others whom we either honor or hold dear.

398 This 4D housing industry then, to a class who are not given to buck passing, to wit, those who have commanded ships, and on the seas have learned that in so far as temporal existence goes they must reason out solutions, or scuttle temporality; not so much considering themselves as others, this being a prime law of captains at sea, and have learned in their universally broad observation, cultivated by enforced recourse to the stars, to the laws of storms, dynamics, kinetics, hydraulics, magnetics, mechanics, etc. with their myriad corrections for parallax, drift, etc.; to them, I repeat, it means but one true great circle course to be steered, 4D being the natural responsibility of the high sea gentry, and you being an able, all weather, all oceans, unlimited-tonnage, leader of that gentry, may in no wise consider yourself exempt of responsibility, or natural reasonable interest in this new, uncharted, unsailed sea, opened before us through 4D.

399 AGREEMENT

400 This Agreement between R. BUCKMINSTER FULLER, of Chicago, Illinois, and the undersigned, the said undersigned being referred to as ‘‘Trustee,’’ WITNESSETH:

401 Fuller is about to disclose to the Trustee confidential and valuable information, now believed (but not represented) to be possessed by Fuller exclusively; the Trustee desires to receive said information confidentially and in trust for purposes hereinafter defined. The Trustee, by reason of his possession of said information, may conceive inventions or ideas founded upon said information or representing improvements upon or alternatives for or supplements to or equivalents or substitutes for the subject matter of said information, or some part thereof,—all of which Fuller desires and is entitled to acquire, for his exclusive ownership, in consideration for the impairing of said information first above referred to.

402 NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, and each party in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter recited upon the part of each other party, and the Trustee in consideration of Fuller’s agreement to impart the information aforesaid, mutually covenants and agrees as follows:

403

1.

Fuller shall impart to the Trustee such information as Fuller may consider necessary (in his sole discretion) to enable the Trustee to understand certain novel principles and methods of drafting and designing, originated (as Fuller believes but does not represent) by Fuller.

2.

For the vonsideration aforesaid, the Trustee covenants and agrees that he will receive and hold (and will not disclose to any one, except to, or with the written permission of, Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns) all said information in trust and confidence, to be employed and/or disclosed for the sole use and benefit, and exclusively under the direction and control, of Fuller, his legal representatives and assigns or appointees. The obligation stated in this paragraph shall endure for a period of five (5) years from the date of signature of this instrument by the Trustee to be bound.

3.

For the same consideration aforesaid, and within and throughout said same period of five (5) years, the Trustee convenants and agrees that if he conceives or invents or learns any invention or idea, whether of mechanism, product, method or otherwise, relating directly or indirectly to the subject-matter of said information or usable directly or indirectly in connection therewith or representing improvements upon or alternatives for or supplements to or equivalents or substitutes for the subject-matter of said information, or some part thereof, then all such inventions and/or ideas shall be held in trust by the Trustee, for the sole use and benefit of Fuller, his legal representatives and assigns, for the purposes following:

404

(a)

To be disclosed immediately and fully to Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns, or his or their appointees.

(b)

To be-assigned, as to the entire right, title and interest therein, without further consideration than that herein named, to Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns.

(c)

To be covered in patent application or applications (at the sole expense of Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns), in and for the United States and foreign countries, as may be designated by Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns; and the Trustee agrees to execute, for said consideration, each such patent application, upon demand, and also to execute (concurrently with the execution of each patent application) an assignment, to Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns, in and to said application, all inventive matter therein disclosed, and all patents which may issue upon said application, or any divisional or renewal application based thereon, or upon said invention or any part thereof; and each such instrument of assignment for said purposes shall be in form satisfactory to Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns.

(d)

The Trustee, for the consideration aforesaid, covenants and agrees that upon demand, he shall execute any further assurances and any further documents, and will take and subscribe to any proper oaths which may be deemed necessary by Fuller, his legal representatives or assigns or counsel, to carry out the purposes of this instrument as herein before expressed and as may be reasonably implied from the terms of this agreement

405 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has affixed his name and seal to this instrument, upon the date set opposite his signature.

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463 FROM R.B.F. TO MR. GEORGE N. BUFFINGTON, CHICAGO, ILL. 8/31/28.

464 Dear George:

465 My wife says, ‘‘why don’t you leave the banking end to Buffington, and the legal end to Tenney?’’ This I would indeed like to do, but in absolutely new forms of business such as 4D, all your banker and your lawyer can tell you, is how to keep out of the'poorhouse, or out of jail. It is quite different from hiring a dressmaker to copy other dresses, which is an excellent simile for the usual method of setting nnesHf up in static business.

466 SCOPE OF LETTER

467 This letter is written to review our various conversations on the subject of 4D housing and its relation to general financing. It will also point out the new and definite principles, consistent with the single truths revealed both in the 4D paper and its subsequent addenda, which may not be temporized with. These could be summarized on a post card, but, without exposition as to their reason, the importance of strict adherence to them, experience has revealed, might be discounted. A letter of forty-four pages is not lengthy, in consideration of its compassing both the fundamentals of financial structure and organization, of what will eventually be the greatest unit of all business. It must judge whether they be adequate or applicable to such a business, and whether the progression of affairs may eliminate eventually inconsequential precautions, unnecessarily costly, and usually performed from habit. In fact, rather than being wordy, this covers snappily in its few pages more than all the business libraries put together. You may count it as the greatest letter which you will ever have received, on a basis of duration and earnestness of thought; and its effect, through you, of economical service to mankind.

468 You will come to appreciate the significance of what can only be termed as the racket today of the Master Money Lender’s Union, otherwise known as the Federal Reserve System, which, as representative of the group banking interest, has taken all the trouble to obtain control of the material money market of the world. Having under its control the majority of the actual gold metal, which it has popped around from one locality to another, internationally, under the impression that it was stabilizing affairs, with this inanimate material, it has suddenly awoken to the fact that material values are static, and are being rapidly outdistanced by good faith and mental organization values.

469 Now that England has, as announced in the papers, become all excited by the flood of gold pouring into London, you may figure that this flow is caused by the American bankers getting rid of the useless product. Every time, however, that they start to get rid of it, the army of ‘‘officials’’, whom they have trained to materialism, start shouting so loudly about the ‘‘gold exodus’’ that they scare all the markets and industrialists and directorates, who use their mentalities not at all, leaving action control to the material brain. The result of their spasmodic outcry is a newspaper ‘‘stink’’ that must halt the temporal progression.

470 It is remarkable to note that England’s relatively long enduring, world control, from its little island stronghold, has not, and could not have been, material. Their island could hold or produce but an iota of the material requirements of the world. In fact, the whole strength and wealth of her empire has been produced by Hoover’s ‘‘intangible exports’’. Now for the first time, bereft of the cream of the controlling generation, by the war, and the ‘‘poorer lot’’ being left in the saddle, blinded by America’s material riches, and material ‘‘chatter,’’ England has started the importation of gold, the essence of materialism. Unless exposed and corrected, this, added to her intimate ‘‘property problem’’ will inundate all her industrial order. It is highly worth mentioning, in this connection, that despite its compactness and seeming overcrowdedness, England’s large baronial properties have become ‘‘a drug on the market’’, raw properties having become a liability.

471 Suddenly our own bankers have perceived the far greater earning value, with complete safety, of the giant common share issues in the process of their business. The operations of the Bank of Italy Corporation, along these new lines of good-faith values, undoubtedly precipitated the National City Bank’s divergence to stock holdings, from thea/7 bond ‘‘security’’ rule. Their action was coincident with the Bank of Italy Corporation’s acquisition of the Bank of America interest. Following this momentous departure of the National City Bank, which incidentally served to corroborate at the time, the revelations of my own economic study, revealing the combination investment trust - brokerage - house succession to the banker’s throne, that will take place when the gold scourge is removed; there has been enacted history’s most interesting drama of finance. In this drama our highly esteemed banking houses have assumed the role of combination arch villain and stupid dog in the manger.

472 Cognizant of the progression of affairs, as I have been through 4D, these fundamental issues have been quite evident. The public, having learned, as the indirect benefit of mankind of the ghastly horrors of the world war, to put their money into recirculation, first via the Liberty Bond route, instead of the bank, to which it had been induced from the stocking, as the first step in the recreative economic progression, entered into participation of shares of good faith in business to the extent of pushing the market to unprecedented high levels: The public, in no wise being so stupid as they are considered to be by the bankers and the advertising men, had perceived the method of recreation of capital of which the bank, as middleman, had been taking the cream. Perceiving the inevitable trend of affairs, the bankers felt that this high market point marked a logical time to take to the life-boats, leaving the worn-out vessel of collateral bonds to widows and children.

473 It is quite evident that the public did not suffer in the deflation of market prices. You will find on investigation that the marginal stakes, where the public did not ‘‘get out from under’’, were no greater than this same public is want to spend on a week-end outing or upon a prize fight trip with its attendant festivities. The losses were so spread out amongst the 130, million populace as to reek no whit of damage. The bankers sought to pull the old hoax, about its being a ‘‘good time’’ to transfer the market winnings, to investment in long term securities, apparently at desirable price levels. This was the formula which they had for so long used upon their exclusive-and-dumb clients of the second-generation rich. Coincident with this propaganda, they jammed up the rediscount rates, etc. creating an entirely arbitrary hazard to progress. The latter, viewed with sufficient perspective, was no less subject to condemnation than the coercion tactics of any racket leader of laundrymen’s or junkmen’s union, temporarily in tactical control of the bread and butter of any group. Having jammed down the market in this manner, if you were to have been informed on this subject as I was, you would have observed, that on each of the days that money rates were so jammed up, that the newspapers were literally packed with banking house advertisements of so called ‘‘securities’’.

474 To the best of my observation none of the banks have been exempt from this participation. Knowing the cost of newspaper advertising, in one paper alone, you can readily perceive that these banks were literally spending millions of dollars daily, through their salary controlled newspaper economists, as well as in the evidently-paid-for advertising, to create some ‘‘intrinsic’’ value in the bond issues, with which they are loaded, due to their syndicate participation.

475 Can anyone possibly justify a ‘‘good’’ Chicago banking house advertising, with romantic phraseology, and newspaper ad man’s ‘‘art work,’’ the canonization of the iceman as the ‘‘ambassador of household welfare’’, equipment bonds in ice manufacturing plants, which equipment, along with the ‘‘ice business’’, is fast becoming obsolete.

476 It is a matter of record that my own mother has lost more money in supposedly good bond issues, recommended by premier banks of Boston and New York, such as Brooklyn Rapid Transit, than she has ever lost in any of her stock holdings. Her stock losses have been greatest in such blusteringly extolled, and ingratiatingly tendered, bankers babies as ‘‘the infallible economic center arteries’’ the N.Y., N.H. and H, and Chi. Mil. & St. P. railroads. The ‘‘pound of flesh’’ principle is dead. It is regrettable that I must make these observations, but while you will find that every banking house is recommending to such people as my mother, purchase of these securities, none of the officers, or the wiser banks themselves, are making any such purchase, except for a quick turnover. When you realize how vast a proportion of the world wealth is invested in such securities, particularly in large blocks by the insurance companies, the race for surreptitious dumping becomes almost laughable.

477 With the advent of 4D housing, appreciation of its significance, and the fact, that, with its acceptance—financing, the land portion of the equation will become zero, this dumping is liable to become almost of panic proportion. The last group of society to observe the progression will be the static group of second generation borders of wealth advantage. They, incidentally, will make loud squealers, such noise panic creating in itself.

478 All of this I write to you because it is necessary, that we organize all the intelligent individuals, to the end that there may be as little suffering as possible, and as much general benefit as can be in this new industry. There will naturally be many questions arising in your mind as to the organization procedure financing principles, etc. which I have clearly worked out, and will reveal as the occasion arises. To be readable to the general group for whom it was intended, detail of this order had perforce to be left out of 4D book and of this letter. As you may realize from 4D, there is but one proper method for handling any one of these questions. With the proper application of experience to thought, the solutions have been clearly revealed.

479 In referring to ‘‘bankers’’, we of course do not involve the odd millions of most obedient clerks who think in the way they are paid to, and successfully achieving the condition of self deception, wherein they perceive these material worshipping ideas as their own, and speakable puffingly. as their own. are thereat ‘‘crowned’’ by their masters ‘‘vice-president’’, etc. to permanently ‘‘peg’’ them as pickets of the minority ‘‘property’’ fence. We refer to the original policy designers.

480 In this whole letter our perspective point is entirely abstract, wherefrom, all which embodies time, is revealed in the absurdity of nudity, flapping breasted, hairy chested, or selfish bellied, fine clothes, cosmetics, sedan chairs, or automobiles, being but the badges of eras. I seek to point out the eternal and single truth, available in abstraction, which takes up the reins where the ‘‘young’’ banker leaves off. to wit, at the point where reason may no longer link truth with the practices of ‘‘seniors’’ in whom he has learned, unreasoningly, to ‘‘believe’’. Having found truth in his senior, in minor things, so has he assumed truthfulness in him relative to the affairs beyond ‘‘comprehension’’ of ‘‘big business’’ which he attributes to lack of experience. Being a metaled colt, he digs in the deeper, sad to relate, becoming as he ‘‘ages.’’ and youthful resistance is impaired, gradually ‘‘adjusted’’ to ‘‘the finer points of the game’’, things which are not talked about, and which, ‘‘one has to do, to exist, etc.’’, until he, as a senior, himself, becomes the will- o-the-wisp for the next generation of ‘‘bright eyed boys’’. These truth debating business laws are known as ‘‘policies’’, the product of the overworked, secret ‘‘conferences’’. They are coincidentally, of the same word derivation as ‘‘politics’’.

481 Fortunately for conscience, they are the heritage of the present generations, rather than their responsibility, and, therefore, no direct blame goes with their recognition in those about us, beyond that of mental laziness. Inasmuch as we would be loathe to blame the elevator boy for our ‘‘policies’’, or your father would scoff at your ‘‘shaping’’ his policies, we must recognize that the grafting, exploiting, banditry (no matter how smooth), may be traced in responsibility upward only, to the so called, higher up, or senior. The glimpse of the senior ‘‘getting away with it’’, abstractly of course, may be but fleeting, and be revealed but once in a life time. The junior, in the temptation of time, aping his materially self enshrined-and-beglossed ‘‘elder’’, starts ‘‘getting away with it’’, for his own account. As this practice descends to the lesser-mentality classes it becomes greatly magnified. Justly self satisfied, that, they are, but ‘‘getting theirs’’, dope fiends, drunkards and drudge bastardized morons, practice open banditry. This is all directly traceable to the fallacy of material (essentially represented by gold today) endallism. Of this there must, as in all material things, be a master ring. Truly there is a fire causing the smoke so continually shouted at by the non-researching material sour-grapist, who, being ‘‘self centered’’, and per se, barred to abstractions, may never discover the cause. The good old prayer, taught by Christ himself, as opposed to the ‘‘unauthorized’’ scriptures, known as the bible, is the key to abstraction, provided such prayer is honestly cooperated with by ‘‘self’’. ‘‘Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us’’, in which ‘‘self’ makes the first move, and in the ‘‘reasonable’’ search for ‘‘causes,’’ way beyond the petty control of the ‘‘material’’ offender, attains the ‘‘understanding’’ of the irresistible power of ‘‘eternal’’ truths.

482 This universal ‘‘racket’’ has, perforce, been incorrectible, lacking a new business of envelopingly greater economic and mechanical size, which, truly God given in clarity of intuitive conception, encyclically considered, and accordingly launched, will sweep all the petty ‘‘bunkum’’ from the ‘‘staff’’ businesses of the great ‘‘line’’ consideration: 4D mobile, lightful, 20th century tower housing. After all, the main consideration in life is to live, which devolves primarily about living quarters. You must realize, in studying all of this 4D subject, that it has now been acclaimed in many isolated groups. ‘‘Bit-by-bit’’ its ramifications in those groups will reach the group surfaces, whence contacts are made with other groups. Suddenly as the picture puzzle races to completeness of countenance, these group representatives, discovering, as man continually must, ‘‘that it is a small world after all’’, will find, even though it be in the guise of jest, that 4D is a subject of common progressive, harmonic, and creative interest to them all. From these mental contacts the coincidental strength of its abstract woof, so divested, as it travels, of personal equation, will attain sudden, startling, universal recognition as an eternal truth. Against this time, not for present ‘‘cashing in’’ on its terrific work of organization, the progression of activity is shaped, in the encircling abstract sphere of controlled materialism, through which the expanding sphere of ‘‘time’’ must inevitably pass. (See 4D Natural Time law.)

483 Following our general 4D plan we will successively research, investigate, and label conditions, analyse them, and design a program. Our method of doing this, however, will have to be analysed by you from out the letter. We are topicalizing paragraphs for later ready reference, but as usual recommend orderly reading.

484 VENDING MACHINE EXPLOITATION

485 The exploitation idea, which brings about the rheumatics and mysterious miseries of business, must, and is going to be removed from business forever, in the establishment of 4D. For example there is current great enthusiasm over the possibilities of the new vending machine merger. That is logical. However, the ‘‘rheumatics’’ of our present business appears in the astounding fact, that the business men employing these machines, as with the cafeteria proprietors, glorify the fact, that the fascination, attendant upon seeing an abundance of product, and the mechanics of obtaining it, motivates the customer into purchasing far beyond his requirements. Disgusting, self-destructive, and silly, but true. These ‘‘patrons’’, glutted, as with the hang over of the drinking-pig, claim cafeterias to be expensive. In view of the no salesman, dictagraph and amplifier operated 4D model houses, to be erected simultaneously overnight, in every main city of the country, (wherein any questions asked will be answered from central offices, possibly miles away; recording the questions, for future reference, in compilation of demonstration method, and making the truthful non-temporizing answers), this exploitation of the vending machine idea must be exposed, and thereby deposed, for the strength of 4D.

486 S & 10<: STORES
CLOSE QUARTERS DEVELOPED MATERIALISM

487 At the opening of a new Woolworth 5 & 10b store on Michigan Avenue, the store was packed with several thousand milling people, in no wise posted in advance, of the opening. Probably but one out of one hundred was there by virtue of a definitely preconceived journey to obtain a specific article. The majority were buying because they saw things they might be able to use, picture frames, hat frames, little rulers, hinges, and note books, etc. This is a result of a starved and ‘‘don’ted’’ childhood in too close living quarters, with no other outlet for activity, amongst people whose minds have been purged of creative thought, as children.

488 SELFCONSCIOUS TIME

489 WASTING FROM CHILDHOOD ON

490 Every time they dreamt of something creative, and demonstrated it in word or deed, they were bastardized into self-consciousness and self-ridicule. This process may be witnessed at any city swimming beach for the young, where, passing on the shocks which they have felt in themselves, at the hands of parents and ‘‘Elders’’ in general, these children, touched off into some manner of self-conscious expression in the face of a new experience, such as swimming, call each other, with childish meaninglessness, to quote the least offensive of the epithets—‘‘God-damned Sons of Bitches’’ the air ringing with such ridiculous accusations. This is later reflected in self-conscious inability to refrain from purchase of the same things the Jones have, for they dare not think- for themselves. All the ‘‘ad man’’ has to do, to start another million dollar wasting, is to put out a good picture of the Jones home, with their (his client’s) accessory installed.

491 SUPERFLUOUS ACCESSORIES

492 All the junk and temptation with which our store windows are crammed, furniture dealers, picture dealers, bird cage dealers, etc., etc., will vanish with 4D housing established. Purchase of this ‘‘riffraff’ will then be as out of the question as purchase of Morris chairs for Fords, and as foolish as the placing of a boat’s red and green running lights on automobile running boards. This is done only by non-sea-faring Indian-baubel-wearer types. With their passing will die the advertising of this junk. The magazines which are supported with ‘‘junk’’ will be unable to publish the literary trash that goes hand in hand with such (merchandise). Such is the economics of ‘‘time’’ wasting.

493 ‘‘TIME’’ HARMONIZERS GOOD

494 Photographic supplies, sports equipment, tools, laboratory equipment, musical instruments, art supplies and any adjunct of creative or rhythmical activity will ever increase in sale. Write that down in your market law.

495 If any want to know the temper of the future generation let them go into the high class toy shop today, and observe the truly well made mechanical toys of every department of mature activity from airplanes to chemistry. The latest boats and airplanes are the best of these toys. Observe the Japanese airplane models…of triangular wire forms and balsa wood, and to cap all the colored Japanese-silk wing coverings, skillfully shellaced, so that they have a most lithesome, taught, translucent appearance, similar to the approaching style of 4D houses.

496 Racing and other competitive sports have been the best thing possible to remove the feudal mysteries. Get a hulking bully who in feudal days set himself up as a ‘‘giant’’ into the ring with a lithesome ring artist and see how pathetically weak he is; but even more enlightening, will be the material-control of a real technical-artist of machine operation, today, with a steam shovel, observing the colossal work that he can do, as well as the almost-gentle deftness with which he wields his awe inspiring mechanical hand, making the pygmy men that buzz about with their shovels materially silly. (It is a travesty upon our city life to observe that the steam shovels are ceaselessly watched by the machine awesome multitude to the equivalent extent of human servitude which it replaces. Our children however now maturing, are so accustomed to these machines that they form little part of the wondering onlookers.)

497 In consideration of its high maintenance cost the casually recognizable increase in the number of well clerked steamship and general travel offices upon the most expensive city thoroughfares, is of economic significance. So is the enriching business of the speed boat and airplane ride merchant. In substantiation of the advantage claims of indestructive mobility in 4D housing, the composite of peoples senses, which is that of motion, or more definitely their time sense, without gratification of which they suffer all the destructiveness of suppression, is economically asserting itself synchroniously with universal time-faith capital increase. Compare this to the stupid regulation, lately enacted in Hungary, after all these years, against ‘‘Gypsies’’, by a feudal minority.

498 FURNITURE RACKET

499 The head of the new Hartmanns stores ‘‘Home Complete’’ department, on being interviewed by 4D, admitted that their interest, rather than being as outlined in the literature ‘‘to relieve the oppressed home owner,’’ was to racket off furniture. Imagine the closeness with which they would make property, an* other, purchase, for their customers, all of which ‘‘Service’’ they extend.

500 NO MALICE IN CRITICISM

501 Remember as we proceed with this letter no malice aforethought is attributed to those we criticize, unless we so specify. We only point to their lack of abstract sight.

502 There are times when you may say ‘‘that’s’’ a little too harsh, but there can be no degrees of right and wrong. The fact that some things look startlingly ‘‘cold’’ in print, that- are but customary rococo embellishment of verbal gossip, is nothing to the coldness of suddenly finding wife, new born baby, and self, unexpectedly tossed out by ‘‘ethical’’ business, into the gutter. It is therefore better for one person to record all these things ‘‘God damn’’ snappily, than for millions to mumble and fuss along on them, thus wasting TIME in their correction.

503 THE TIME FAITH STANDARD

504 THE PRIMARY STATEMENT TO BE MADE IN OUR LETTER IS THAT THE FINANCIAL SET-UP OF 4D MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH THE NEW TIME UNIT STANDARD, WHICH HAS, WITHOUT LEGISLATION, SUPPLANTED THE NOW USELESS GOLD STANDARD ; AND THAT THE TIME STANDARD MUST BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH FAITH OR CREDIT WHICH HAVE SUPPLANTED FEUDALISTIC CASH DEALING. ABSTRACT COMMERCE HAS REPLACED MATERIALISM.

505 FALLACY OF THE EXTERNAL DIRECTORATE

506 UNRESPRESENTATIVE AND CLUMSY

507 Further, the function of the external directorate, which was originally designed to act as the watchdog upon capital loaned to industry, when it was loaned by a feudalistic few, must be discarded as a consideration of present economic fitness. With no open market to act as an ‘‘exit’’ for them from the investment, and being so permanently hitched up with the investment, the feudal ‘‘property’’ baron wished assurance of its protracted prosperity, through employment of ‘‘proven worth’’ directors of other businesses. The idea was, that it didn’t matter ‘‘what the hell business was involved’’. There was one static best way of handling it, and those who had been successful with soups would make good mouse-trap or railroad directors. Theoretically this is all right, but it takes no consideration of the fact that 90% of their success was due to lucky coincidence in the path of progress, soups having been more desirable than mouse traps, and thay they were only just wise enough to keep their mouths shut, or, if opening them, to roar like a lion saying nothing. The latter, the noisy ones, are what I call money bullies, not natural capitalists. With stocks changing hands hourly - today, no board may be truly representative of its stockholders. Many hands do make lighter work, but two heads are not better than one. That is a good example of the fallacious practice of mixing materialism up with mentality, which is proverbially expounded as too many cooks (meaning the mentality that stirs the material porridge) spoil the ‘‘zup.’’ So it is with the external directorate.

508 BAD FAITH OF GOLD LENDING GROUP ENDEAVORING REINJECT SELVES INTO INDUSTRY

509 Enlarging on the subject of gold as a discarded standard, we cannot overlook the tremendous battle now being waged by those who have cornered this commodity, and business, who no longer wants their actual gold as mentioned in the ‘‘outline’’ of this letter. That gold was used as a ‘‘standard of trade’’, was entirely legislative or arbitrary, due to the astuteness of the suave money lending house, who originally secured the feudal barons gold, for its increase through usury, to save effort on the part of the wealth softened tyrant. The principles of materially non-productive ‘‘banking’’, to provide increase of this feudal money, which have persisted in a great way to this day, sanctioned by ethics, were to always pinch the borrower, get him in a situation where you can apply the thumb screws, give him enough rope to hang himself, etc. Don’t give away anthing undemanded. In the latter case, for instance, a company which I was president of, had on deposit with one of the leading banks of Chicago a sum of many thousand dollars over a period of many months, on which the bank, one of whose Directors was incidentally one of our company directors, paid no interest, and as was later revealed, had no intention of paying any interest, until caught. Their failure to do so was suddenly revealed and, upon demand, they ingratiatingly complied. The only reason so large an amount was left on deposit with them, was that the Banker’s, lobby-attained legislation, of the State Corporation Laws, prevented officers of the corporation putting the funds to work themselves. The major return of earning ability, over and above the one percent interest-joke of the bank, could have paid the overhead of the companies activities during its promotional stages. Instead this was enforced through capital reduction, while the ‘‘cream’’ went to the bank, and thereafter to its bank stock. The remarks later on as to banking sympathy with political legislative ‘‘set ups’’ will be progressively revealed.

510 TRADE UNIT STANDARDS

511 Grain was once used as a monetary standard. In making gold obsolete the standard of trade, arbitrary and legislative powers have been conferred on minority groups of men by political so-called representatives, in legislative bodies. These powers have ostensibly been conferred upon the principal, that they would be used to protect the standard trading unit of the nation involved, for the sake of as open trade as possible. We all know that gold has lost its material value as this trading standard, now that we are on an abstract, ‘‘TIMEFAITH’’, indirect-contact basis.

512 I do not buy shoes or hats nor does anyone trade with more or less facility because there is gold present in La Salle Street, in London or Calcutta. The presence of this gold, is analagous to the importance of the sanctimonious society ‘‘already dumb up’’ at the church charity bazaar. The ‘‘ear-marking’’ gymnastics by bankers, of units of gold, with impressive grandiose sanctimoniousness, for transfer to this place and that, with the impression that the public ‘‘believes’’ that credit is being stabilized, is a joke. I actually laugh every time I read of it.

513 The day the paper dollar was substituted for the gold standard, to be followed by TIME payment business, later with national sanction thereof, the material trading unit was abandoned, and business was put on a basis of abstract good-faith, consistent with the mental, spiritual, and other abstract directionary forces of otherwise inanimate material bodies.

514 FORD FREED OF DIRECTORATE BUT
IGNORANT OF TIMEFAITH STANDARD

515 The greatest single feature in the success of Henry Ford has been his elimination of the last vestige of opposition in the form of the minority stock-holders vote, and so called ‘‘privilege’’. Ford learned his lesson not through initial planning, but by the crack-your-head-against-the-stone-wall method through successive fatal interferences, brought about by lack of good faith on the part of minorities. These interferences resulted in disaster for him on many occasions. The sole saving grace for Ford, that resurrected his enterprise from successive flops, was his idea of getting out reliable transportation, at the lowest price on the market, on the abstract basis of an assumed quantity production that would eventually take up the slack of abstractly ‘‘lost’’ capital investment. None of the others saw this and like the average second generation rich boy director today, or the average real estater, they said make the price always equal to the cost. You will never go wrong this way. This takes no consideration of customers or demand and supply, without which no business can survive. If Ford could be assured today that the widest public distribution ever obtained could be made of shares in his business, completely divorced of voting power, it is probable that he would hasten to make such distribution. That he could be convinced of this is however doubtful at his age, for he is lately on public record that he considers none to have any real worth until aged 50, one of the first speeches of senility. Incidentally this disproves his authorship of the splendid philosophy, attributed to him, which recognizes the progressive isolation of truth in youth. We are rather of the opinion that his statements about his wealth being that of the people may be traced back to the copies of 4D mailed to his philosophy ‘‘expert’’ and himself. If so at least he won’t be the first to appropriate its truths for public utterance as being of his own making. A new example of Ford’s tactical blindness is exhibited in his teaching ‘‘folk dances’’ to the country people. This-,is comparable to the Gaelic reversion in St. John Ervine’s ‘‘Changing Winds.’’ He is so stupid that he opposes progress by which his very industrial goodness becomes effective. What he ought to do is to work with progress, understanding the new ‘‘jazz’’, making an art out of it. We never recognize contemporary art. The old Egyptian potter didn’t expect his lace bottomed filter cup to enter the Chicago Art Institute.

516 PROXY PARALYSIS

517 Quite contrary to Professor Ripley, financial wizard of my erstwhile Alma Mater, who maintains, that the threat of the voting power of shares of stock is the greatest single cohesive and motivating item in corporate structure, I wish to point out, that anything that is solely negative, or conversely, which cannot be used in positive form, is fallacious. Everything must balance. There is no institution so greatly abused as the corporate proxy today. It is far worse off than the sovereign voting power of our citizenry. Stockholders meetings in which motions are approved by proxy majorities, 99% ignorant of the issue, and 50%, but owners of the stock for short speculative periods, are many times a ghastly joke.

518 No one ever heard of stock-holders using their voting power to confer honor or reward unsolicited, or monetary compensation, from them, upon any officer performing satisfactory service beyond ordinaryexpectation.

519 The only out of the ordinary power of the proxy is that of impeachment, and that practically ineffective in a large public property to wit the continued incumbrance of office by Oil Man Steward, a profane and sharp bully, which incidentally made him a ‘‘colonel’’. The industrial share should no more carry a vote than a dollar bill. Put Professor Ripley in business as the employed president of a Bankers corporation, and he would be scared to death to write out his prospective tactics as they would continually trip him up, no matter how great a theorist he had been. He would ponder grimly over his theoretically extolled proxy impeachment in the face of being called a ‘‘theoretical old fart’’, and accused of making an experiment of his pettish hobbies, at the expense of the bulldozing money lender. The latter would in all probability, be the real boss of the business, advertising by volume of noise, and invective the fact, that to him, money and property are the only things that talk. Being a professor, it is pleasant to humor these bankers in lofty manner, from afar, with vindication of that which is unreasonable, even to themselves, and which they like to think of as ‘‘advanced theory’’ and ‘‘intrinsics’’. The bankers approbation, in return for this conscience salve, incidentally insures occupation of the endowed ‘‘chair’’ of learning, and a goodly royalty on publication. So does ‘‘cashing in’’ block the wheels.

520 PREFERENTIAL PARTICIPATION FEUDAL

521 The only proper way to set up a company today is to have but one class of participation. The idea of having preferential participation is feudalistic and sanctioned only by habit of thought, as we, humanity in general, are universally opposed to privilege, that is, in political or legislative form. Stockholders, despite the best investigations and explanations by brokers, are never fully cognizant of the real nature of the privilege involved in preferential stocks. With the hollow promise that the preferred stock holder may run the company if its management cannot make it pay, etc. and therefore restricted to fixed interest, usually dangerously high, in view of their privilege, being indicative of a ‘‘pinched’’ condition that would otherwise never grant privilege, this form of participation is betwixt and between and in a show down the worst off.

522 Bonds with their pre-prior privilege we will later show to be an obsolete concession.

523 ONE CLASS PARTICIPATION ONLY IN MODERN HUMAN PROGRESSION

524 One class of stock, then, must be the answer to the single truth. That stock shall carry no voting power, but be merely a Time-Faith-profit-sharing-certificate. These certificates must be immediately listed on an open trading mart, and the form of voting that will take place by share-holders is that of selling the shares if they do not approve of the management or prospects, or contrary wise buying them. If you are right and with good faith and progress of temporality your bet wins. If you are betting against it you lose your stake, as an abstract kick in the teeth to admonish stupidity. You have to be very sure of yourself when disparaging or selling short.

525 The accounting overhead reduction of one class participation and ‘‘written off’’ property value is obvious.

526 The mental stimulation addendant upon having to buy or sell to subsist will be far more broadening by virtue of the information which will uncover than the average college education today. Stocks are the essence of temporality and must be dealt in as unhampered as we deal in produce, which is the manifestation of temporality. The large investment trust holding a unit of all issues, may sell as a ‘‘Market stock’’ similar to the field in racing horse bets. This would be a satisfactory unit for those who have sentiment about general movement, but cannot impress that upon one issue which may have extra prejudicial considerations. Bancitaly was to some extent approaching this idea. Its fluctuations are therefore significant, though it is still too heavily laden with ‘‘rails’’ to be indicatively sensitive.

527 INDIVIDUAL SPIRIT CONTROLS

528 As we have clearly shown in the 4D paper all temporal matter is inanimate and individualism is the spirit incarnate in TIME. In purchasing a share in a business we are betting on the individual who controls the material and the inanimate machinery which is capital. In so doing, no thinking broker can possibly recommend shares, where potent directorates can interfere with the captain of the ship.

529 The interesting thing about these truths is that a vast majority of the public, now lending their capital and TIME units back to industry, are completely in sympathy with making their bet on a stock on the basis of the individual in sole management of the company, as opposed to betting on swollen properties in- the hands of distrustful, feudal money-lenders of the past, represented by the Board of Directors, which they invented and ‘‘plugged’’.

530 INTERNAL DIRECTORATES OR ‘‘STAFF’’ THE BROKER METHOD

531 External Boards of directors being then but glorified feudalistic spys, representative of doubt, are doubt breeding in themselves. Statistical information on the cost of preparation of data by industries to prove to boards of directors at their superficial meetings that the ship is being properly handled, would be highly illuminating. The only boards worth while are those of internal composition. If you can’t handle yourself you are no good to others, is as applicable in principle to business as to its individual components.

532 OVERHEAD OF EXTERNAL DIRECTORATE INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS

533 It is my own opinion from considerable experience that overhead of accounting expense, and overlapping reporting systems, could be reduced almost 50% in the corporate activity of this country, were these conceptions of the truth to be universally recognized and applied. Ford has no inter-department check up system whose doubt is but lightly hidden beneath a social promotion system, mixing play with work, and making a poor job of either. Were this external directorate nuisance universally recognized and abandoned, many companies riding for an eventual fall would undoubtedly go ‘‘by the Board’’, far more rapidly than in being so buoyed up by a superficial directorate, with banking connections, that allow of their ignorant support of an ultimate loser. That would be a worth while result.

534 SUCCESS OF DIRECTORLESS OPERATION

535 It is almost puerile to use the following synonym, but the desire to rub the truth in will excuse it, that Lindbergh would never have been able to cross the Atlantic if he brought along a board of directors, representing the capital which had financed his trip, to counsel him in his flight, he would be down in the Atlantic with the other also-rans. He, however, is an individual that would never have brooked such interference.

536 BAD INVESTMENT OF EXTERNAL BOARDS

537 The astonishing manifestation of the fallacy of external boards of directors today, is that they are, for instance in the banking or insurance company, investing the funds of the stockholders, whom they represent, in bonds, and other types of what they call ‘‘Gilt Edge’’ and what I call ‘‘pound of flesh’’ security; that they would not themselves think of putting their money in. This forces me to retract my unqualified admonition, that insurance stock was a ‘‘good buy’’; I made this statement concurrently with insurance companies obtaining legal permission to purchase stocks as securities, thinking they would go in for it generally, but their late cleaning up of many of the market ‘‘Bond Bargains’’ disqualifies their astuteness. There is no excuse for these Boards in the fact of legislative classification of investments. They could have these changed if they conceived the necessity. These same directors find ample legal evasion channels in taxation matters.

538 BONDS

539 CURRENT BOND ABSORPTION

540 Twenty years ago most of us could name the total list of bond issues extant. Today every ice-cream parlor, and the Shoppe’s, that have stolen the glamour from Cicero, have their bond issues. S.W. Strauss becomes a bank, the more easily to divest itself of its mortgages upon a banking clientele, and to get into stock purchase themselves.

541 As I pointed out to you the other day, the average maturity for the bulk of bonds now extant, is approximately 25 years, and little or no further bond financing will be done, despite the thought expounded by you that there are still enterprises existent for which bond financing is more suitable. There will be spasmodic quivers under shadow of high stock markets, but these will soon die out. It is only hoped that the companies responsible for the bonds will be able to subsist over that period of time to pay off these issues, though the typical business that has bond issues today is per se, being related directly to materialism and direct contact exploitation, almost doomed to disaster in the next 25 years, unless as an organization, it switches to progressive abstract activities, as outlined in the 4D book. These current bonds will in the main be held by banks and insurance companies, and such of the widows, estates, and other clients of trust departments to whom the banks can turn over the bonds in which they are financially interested as members of syndicates. It is only hoped that the surplus of these banks, and undivided profits, will be sufficient to underwrite the losses to be sustained in these bond holdings from this Straussian form of financing during the next 25 years.

542 It is a well known fact, in the building world, that Strauss has many times loaned more on a mortgage than the building has cost. The surplus being considered profit by the building speculator - the bonds are passed on to the public and the interest borne by the tenants.

543 FALLACY OF THE INDUSTRIAL BOND

544 Inasmuch as bonds are supposed to be secured by material land or equipment, the person or groups receiving the money are in a great way relieved of any moral obligation in the event of business disaster. I have often wondered what Mother could do with her allotted portion of the ‘‘Santa Fe’’ trackage as it passed through a Kansas mud flat. This is because the material property had to be pledged, and the individuals good-faith, or word and time obligation, were insufficient. Wherefore if a company with bond issues goes ‘‘broke’’, the company says to the bondholder, ‘‘Now you go ahead and take my shirt, which you made me pledge; that’s yours and that ends that’’, and in 99 cases out of 100 the ‘‘shirt’’ is worn out or obsolete.

545 BOND RACKETING AD’S BY BANKS

546 For instance, there are the bonds, already mentioned, advertised by supposedly reputable ‘‘bankers’’ in the daily newspapers, in the multi-million dollar advertising splurges. Run concurrently with Federal Reserve rate-jumping days, these are quite evidently designed to scare capital out of the stock market, and into consumption of the staggering burden of bonds, which they, and their relatives, have loaded themselves up with, in an anticipation of high turn-over rates, through the medium of the rich man’s son - bond salesman, with his socially organized clientele, and other such bunkum ‘‘machinery’’. The type of mentality that ‘‘uses’’ or exploits friendships, for well concealed commissions, selling the friends ‘‘securities’’ that, despite the most self aggrandizing technical drivel, these superficial people know nothing of, that has, painful to the conscientious person to behold, reaped fabulous return to such bond salesman, is completely selfish, and in no way to be trusted in ‘‘a pinch’’, despite fine weather colors. These materially minded people are but a suave model for the more brusque and ‘‘classy’’ real estate sales racketeer.

547 ENDURING STRENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL GOOD FAITH.

548 ITS INCORRUPTIBILITY

549 There will be a growing tendency of the individual industrial leaders, to spare no effort, to both protect and produce, for those who have backed them without material pledge. If the individuals, who are thus backed, do fail, they will undoubtedly issue shares interminably in the fruits of their effort.

550 You made mention of a multimillion-dollar pool to discredit and oppose 4D, by those whose static machinery it would upset. Such a pool would be welcomed by 4D as being but a cousin to the arbitrary activity of the Fisher Bros, in trying to ‘‘influence’.’ their own particular section of the public by telling them how to vote, albeit that this was done with anticipated and concealed desire, that they would ‘ware the bait and swim into the ‘‘pound.’’ The public only waits today, in defiant attitude, for attempts tc propagandize it into refrainment from adherence to its own individual choice, to exhibit its resentment at the exploitation which it has suffered, al the hands of ‘‘expert propagandists.’’ Nothing could be designed to more quickly establish 4D.

551 BANKERS NOT ECONOMICALLY STUBBORN, BUT STUPID FROM INEXPERIENCE, AND PRE-ESTABLISHED FALSE STANDARDS.

552 One thing I have definitely observed in my years of business, is that the so-called ‘‘banker’’ is never so stupid as to stick to a fallacy for the sake of stubbornness or lack of enterprise, when that fallacy is clearly revealed to him and he foresees that he is going to lose money. Therefore, I do not condemn the bankers who are laboring under the hallucination that money is an end-all, simply because they have been brought up to ‘‘believe’’ that it was, and have learned no better, not having been directly in contact with actual productive and distribution business. Fleeting high power surveys are laughably inadequate.

553 That the latter is true is primarily due to the fact that banking has set such store by materialism as to make that small fraction of a business all that it wishes to survey. All machines and books and visible ‘‘whatavus’’ being contactable in a few hours. Because it takes no time to comprehend how an organization is being run at any static moment, the abstractly fabricated intricacy of mechanism of a composite of many life times, is completely missed by the ‘‘Smart Alec’’ marketing experts, available by the gross at S50. per week. As an excellent example of what I mean, is the fact, that you, with many hundred other intelligent men, are, and have been for several months, constructively discussing 4D houses. Without so much as one graphic illustration thereof and unquestionably, from definite remarks emanating from widely divergent sources of identical characteristics. Having been called a liar, sometimes to my face, but mostly behind my back, thousands of times, by bankers, for describing that which they could not actually see, I determined in the organization of 4D that it must be conceded in advance, by the bankers, that this was so. There was but one way to prove it, and that, complete abstract and philosophical discussion, prior to any material graphology. That the patent office grants us patents on pen and ink construction, as opposed to actual construction, is substantiation of the ‘‘credit’’ in scientific and philosophical circles, of abstract values. The fight to emphasize this in 4D, as it has never been done before in business, is but one of its many benefits. No banker will ever read 4D and again bet on materialism.

554 BANKERS WILL BE QUICK TO ACCEPT ABSTRACT STANDARD

555 1 am sure that cognizant of the fallacy of this material value, both the industrialist and financier will be the first to accept the new principles of complete abstract TIME FAITH dealing, recognizing its immeasurable recreative power, as opposed to the inevitable diminishing value of any material thing which can only wear out, or away.

556 HOOVER ABSTRACT MINDED

557 Hoover is attuned to abstracts being the essence of economics of all temporality, as revealed in his sound. Department of Commerce discussions of the all important invisible exports of the North American Continent. This will be evident to any of the students of his work, which abstract work is being inundated under the personal equation flood of a presidential election. This he is evading as well as possible, in confining his campaign to radio speeches. It is an ignorant animaly instinctive fear of what this abstraction means, that has kindled such fire of hatred in the leaders of, the pure materialists, or ‘‘property’’ exploiters, international mortgagers et al, whom we term the deflation boys.

558 HOOVER CONFRONTED WITH POLITICAL BUNKUM

559 Regarding the one particular point in the Hoover speech which was politically mystical, which we discussed, it may be noted that we will have removal of doubt in marketing, as the chain stores gain headway. Instead of competing against the local man they will compete against each other. The point of discussion in his speech was the economic displacement of the general store or its ‘‘personal’’ equation descendant. As the mail boy removes the doubt of the old maid, as to the servants stealing her letters, so will the stock machines remove the doubt of the client in his broker, and by the time our young children today grow up, machines will have eliminated the vast majority of public doubt of each other, as individuals. The mention of Hoover brings up the inevitable discussion of politics, which business men will continually tell you no longer matters, without being able to satisfactorily explain, as an intuitive thought alone, and which they are therefore immediately precipitated in once more, as a subject of heated discussion. We therefore will from our4D vantage point clear up the discussion forever.

560 POLITICS (MOBISM) AN INEVITABLE TOPIC IN FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AS IT DEVOLVES ENTIRELY UPON ‘‘PROPERTY EXPLOITATION’’

561 Vividly recalling the ‘‘great wall’’ of legislation, whose gates could only 6e entered with multi-scalded ‘‘come-across’’ tickets, those who have ‘‘carried the banner’’ of any progressive industrial endeavor whatsoever, will gasp with amazement, and then laugh with scorn at the presumptive daring of any political political party that lays claim to past, present, or future ‘‘prosperity.’’

562 POLITICS ENTIRELY ONE-SIDED IN THIS CAMPAIGN AS OPPOSED TO INDIVIDUALISM

563 One of the inevitable developments of the present presidential campaign lies in the fact that all former party lines have been completely discarded, despite the retention by one group of the ancient title of ‘‘Republican’’ and the other of ‘‘Democratic.’’ These titles as indicative of original idealism, are as insignificant of present fundamentals as the titles ‘‘La Salle’’ and ‘‘De Soto’’ in automotive products. In fact the party of the first part, being of unselfish, or abstract spirit, is {materially nameless, while the other representing gross materialism, with religious mysteries, is best named in its materialistic way as the ‘‘holly exploiters.’’ As issues approach economic surfeit they resort to the mysticism of romantic names, to wit railroad limiteds and Reo ‘‘flying clouds’’, the latter now attaining the ‘‘alto cyrus’’ stage are about to drift off to eternity, under ‘‘guidance’’ of one of the Glorian ‘‘best little market councillors’’, whose 35 a week experts have romanced the formally most functionally disposed of automotive products off the map. Of course, this is a ‘‘plausible’’ method of shaking out the little ones. Knowing the ‘‘banking’’ future to be a different ‘‘cow’’ from the now dry milch Auburn, the Glorian Waterloo is expected in the great Continental Mercantile ‘‘merder’’.

564 Both politics and bonds, being based upon ‘‘property’’ or material usurpation which is baronial feudalism, or habit accepted selfishness, are in no way ‘‘natural’’—that is: the air, which is just as temporal as earth, and water, and light, are naturally free to all. So is the earth. Tyrannical usurpation, feudally inherited, and dependent on land rooted dwelling, so long extant as to be accepted, account for this most ‘‘unamerican’’ custom. ‘‘American’’ being, today, synonymous of the ‘‘spirit of freedom’’, there can be no half measure of truth in idealism, and this, hitherto seemingly impossible of cure, subject, at last being answered by 20th century 4 D mobile tower housing, will, through force of habit, take time to attain significance in mature minds, to any extent statically ‘‘set’’ by credo and materialism. Wherefore we will devote some time to discourse on politics, bonds, and banking, that, in the brilliant light of the 4D cure, their hitherto colossally threatening conditions may appear as absurdly lilliputian, to you, as they have to me since ‘‘discovery’’, research, analysis, and design of 4D. To ‘‘permanently’’ dispose of these subjects, I am forced to reduce them to mean pettiness of absurdity, without which they would best be left unmentioned.

565 THE FEUDAL ‘‘REAL’’ESTATE RACKET BEGINS

566 The exploitation of the property idea in America is readily traceable to the refugees from European Feudalism, so smugly canonized in the social register. They no sooner arrived in the vast new world, than,' as the drunkard who has recovered and forgotten his body-wracking hangover and its significance, turns gleefully to his bottle again, than they, but surface idealists, started, in their own name, the establishment of the ‘‘property’’ scourge. Forgetting the unfailingly, self rewarding, natural truth which says ‘‘do unto others as ye would they should do unto you’’, and forgetting that it was the very lack of observance of this rule which they had fled, they sanctimoniously began racketing the Indian out of his world ‘‘free as the wind’’, with beads and liquor, laughing up their sleeves at the ‘‘poor Indian’’ and at their ‘‘easy’’ game. None may conscientiously deny this as having been ‘‘dirty’’ or materialistic deception. More properly it should be termed ‘‘theft’’. Having made the Indian ‘‘property-conscious’’ they released in him savage resentment and opposition, to, free-lands usurpation. Warfare, with eventual banishment of the Indian, ensuing, the organized winnings were conscience purged, by ‘‘banking’’ them with their materialistic God- Almighty ‘‘the crown’’, whence conscience free they reobtained their ‘‘grants’’ from the King of the ‘‘property’’, which, by no stretch of reasoning, might be rightfully classified as ‘‘property’’ of the king. So long ago is this, that, free-minded as we are today, do we ‘‘honor’’ the property title therefrom emanating, or worse still by arbitrary legislative dictate, of a ‘‘property’’ organized, unrepresentative government. We forget that the same organizers of the ‘‘property laws’’ had, as part of that property, human beings. Just as human slavery had to ‘‘go’’, with a free minded people, so must land slavery go. There may be no degrees of truth. Thank heavens, what might have eventually been another world war, between Russia's property purged, but economic ignoramuses, and a property controlled people, will be averted by the bloodless deflation of property value by 4D Housing, synchronized with economic education, thereby, of Russia to abstract values. In such a way was America corrupted with materialism, which is feudalism, or ‘‘propertyism’’. Feudally patronized architects, with utilization of materials, derived from patron's ‘‘properties’’, as the first consideration have been the property exploiters unwitting blind. Their reasoning bastardized into a mysticism called ‘‘aesthetics’’, as economic advance overcame them, they could glibly revert to aesthetics to explain the loveliness of pudding stone houses in Massachusetts or limestone houses, in Illinois to the exclusion of fundamental structural logic. With plausibility to the one-track developed American mind, as product of the ‘‘specializing’’ tendency of the university education, available primarily to the experience-sheltered property-prince, this was aped and served by the majority. These guileless architects will be awakened by the relentless logic of the abstractly (or eternally) conceived truth of 4D, occasioned by the inevitable subjection of a freeman to a mental whipping, at the hands of newly acquired and blinding ‘‘property’’ materialism. Complete materialism bespeaks no conscience, for ‘‘conscience’’ is abstract. Rank materialism sets at naught abstract contracture of sound only. ‘‘If there is nothing to show on paper’’, materialism doesn’t care a damn.

567 The same phrase ‘‘do unto others’’ etc., is incidentally disgustingly and sanctimoniously employed in the ‘‘code of ethics’’ of the American Association of Realtors, along with their smugly pronounced rules for uninterruptable subdivision racketing, in which they speak of their ‘‘grave responsibility’’ as the ‘‘underlying’’ controllers of the United States earth to see that the latter is released only into the hands of the most upstanding citizens. For this ‘‘responsible work’’ any (see newspaper want ads) of the realtors, will take on any thousand bums, who will work without salary, to racket off, under the jazz of a ‘‘spellbinders’’ picture of the commissions, their ‘‘improved commercial acres’’, (1/4 of a real acre). The victims are mostly found amongst ignorant hard working people, who are ‘‘stunned’’ into realization, of the ‘‘floor of gold’’ under their very feet, which ‘‘made’’ the Astors in New York and the Potter Palmers in Chicago. Such a victim was an old chamber maid at the Virginia Hotel, in Chicago. She had worked there for many years, and with the ‘‘other girls’’ had put her life savings into the last few choice lots of a Bartlett project 50 miles southwest of Chicago, which had ‘‘doubled in price’’ while she was buying them, so that ‘‘taking advantage’’ of her position as an insider she had loaded up with monthly payment contracts on seven of them. These she carefully inspected in the Bartlett De Luxe motor coach. ‘‘Nettie’’ Bonenkamp, that is her name, ‘‘watched’’ our baby on several occasions, and began to ‘‘confide’’ in me on her ‘‘lucky’’ holdings, which with each payment they assured her were ‘‘going up’’. They had sold out the whole lot and the demand was fine. Health failing, she asked what they would give her on the ‘‘vastly increased equity’’ on one of her lots. Astonishing to relate they would venture not a nickel, for they didn't deal in ‘‘retail’’ transactions. Seven also were ‘‘retail’’. Nettie then, just before going to the County Hospital, debating between Cardinal Mundelein and myself, bequeathed me, with one of the seven, as she still had savings enough to carry the other six for a while. Cardinal Mundelein should know better than I ‘‘what to do’’ with ‘‘property’’. The day Nettie was taken sick, the papers announced a social function to be given by Bartlett for debutantes next December. A full calendar. If you or I would have other form of world reception of our daughters, than at the hands of such exploiters of public good faith in a newspaper developed aristocracy, we can not leave the creative cure to others, if provided With knowledge of such an economical cure ourselves. To shirk or procrastinate is to betray our children, to temporal or TIME control by selfishness.

568 In consideration of its vast international tax free heart-of-economical-centers-located; mob supported, ‘‘property’’ the significance of the Roman papal alliance with the international ‘‘property’’ bonders, in the present campaign is more than significant. This will account for various ‘‘religion casualties’’ which we must inflict in the mysticism veil maintained by the papal materialistic, property dictatorship.

569 BANKS, LEGISLATIVELY ENTRENCHED BACK POLITICIANS

570 The nomination on one hand of Hoover by the great average middle class, the term applied to the average individual, despite the most diligent efforts on the part of the politicians of the Republican party, who by virtue of being politicians belong to the group that has taken the ‘‘democratic’’ insignia, was reflected in the stock market in the great arbitrary bank-born bust which took place subsequent to Hoover’s nomination. The New York Non-productive gold-middlemen, entrenched in the Federal Reserve, endeavored to break the fast growing bank-depository-threatening, investment trust, so popular with the people of California, where individualism now holds sway, who had been the mainstay in the nomination of Hoover.-The rapid divestment of the bankers rail securities by this mammoth trust needed smoke screening also by the bankers, lest they have no time to dump their holdings, through such hurry up methods as the propaganda to list railroad ‘‘securities’’ on the Chicago Stock Exchange. It may be parried that in California there is just as much of a banking element, which is erroneous, and is well depicted as such, in the fact that the California banking hours are based upon the New York Stock Exchange hours despite the ineptitude of the same.

571 BANKERS WAGE ALL ON IDEALISTIC CONFUSION BY THROWING THE RELIGION STONE INTO THE LIQUOR POOL

572 Smith was picked by the money element, despite the natural denial by the bankers of such a truth. Don’t think for a minute such seasoned warriors in ‘‘secrets’’ are going to have their motives uncovered on casual or even customary thought. General Motors, Du Pont, Federal Reserve, The Rails, Woodin’s rail equipments, and Morgan are but one and the same in the last analysis and, despite any subterfuge of divided interest, are heavily backing their well-groomed pony, Smith, even to the extent of the famous Fisher Brothers, whose company, running amuck in stylism, is now turning out bathtub bodies for the same good old Buick chassis, taking the bold feudal-futile attitude, of instructing the vast body of robotly considered employees, of their industries on how to vote. Without saying so, the threat is naturally implied that, noncompliance involves discountenance, to the eventual extent of discharge. What though the Fisher Boys and Mr. Sloan are safety factors in apparent allegiance the other side, as a neatly hedged bet, their master being material, their obedience is exacted, as it in turn may never be of their individual employees. Being materialists, they have no ideals to besmirch and therefore appear as dapper and carefree as ever. The clever ruse employed by these bankers in picking Smith as their candidate was that of providing a religious zeal motive which would be the stronger for their denial, which denial could be substantiated under the shadow of a ‘‘liquor question’’. Liquor is not the issue at all. The real issue is the stay of execution against the monetary standard, materialism, and property.

573 SAFEGUARDING OF LOBBY MACHINERY WARRANTS SPLIT

574 6 MILLION BET, ON POLITICS BETWEEN ‘‘PARTIES’’ TO COVER UP

575 Inasmuch as $6,000,000 is being expended by the political parties, it cannot be said that there is no economic advantage sought by those contributing towards these funds in large amounts. Small, one dollar subscriptions, will in the main be those of unthinking, religiously zealous, or persons who sheepishly are afraid not to ‘‘fall in line’’.

576 POLITICAL PRIVILEGE INSOLUBLE IN REASON

577 We have discussed together meritorious portions of the Hoover speech of acceptance, in which it cannot but be recognized, on study, that the only hazards over which Hoover stumbled, being drafted into politics, were those of political contentions. These latter were actually not subject to reason, and part and parcel of the political frame work to which Hoover is unfortunately, having to adjust himself. Hoover is completely economic, which based on recreation, through truth, cannot countenance two interpretations of a truth, which the ‘‘choice’’ in politics infers.

578 Since Hoover’s acceptance has come that of Smith, safely embodying all the economic principles of the Hoover outline, but adding to it the old-fashioned soap box bunkum, designed to attract an unthinking proletariat. Should Smith win, it will only prolong the money agony in world trade, North America being the economic center at present. I say prolong for willie-nillie the progression is of inevitable force. That I discuss religion (as opposed to natural spontaneous unself-conscious faith), with no question of conclusion as to its unfitness in business, is attributable to its suggestion as an economic stabilizer to me by Harper Leech, the Economist of the Chicago Tribune. Leech reminds me of a beagle, extremely sensitive to the scent, and a good ‘‘barker’’ when finding it, but for some extraordinary reason bereft of comparative sense, wherefore he fails to observe the scent to be progressive. The term ‘‘newspaper economist’’ is as meaningless as the university term ‘‘political economy’’, there being no relation between economics and politics. Our erstwhile ‘‘magnate’’ attendance at summer university courses, under this misnomenclature, being none other than students of political property racketing. Economics are dependent upon free mobile individualism which is the antithesis of static properties. ‘‘Property’’ as herein referred to being the unsegregated raw earth or bare land unit, not the mobile industrial ‘‘product’’.

579 THE STATIC OF ROMANISM ON THE 20TH CENTURY RADIO

580 Smith, whose party to arouse sympathy support, (which was a cleverly conceived ‘‘play’’ on the free- mindedness of the new world people) continually denies in martyristic manner ‘‘religious entanglements.’’ said in his radio nomination acceptance that he had ‘‘One hand on the bible and the other reaching up to God’’. This was bawled out of the raucous metallic voice of the sidewalk radio, in broad daylight, to the hard-boiled streets of Cicero, as the trolleys and trucks roared clankingly by, accompanied by loud radio cheers, by: the society leaders who wouldn’t give up their cocktails ‘‘for anything, my dear;’’ and ‘‘that nice Mr. Smith says he can arrange it for us, my dear’’; by the boys who see the faces on the barroom floors, and the silver threads amongst the gold, and picture God, lace covered, in a marble counting house in Rome. So ridiculous it sounded, that I expected to see little brown derbies with harps and wings floating out from the horn into the Cicero afternoon sunlight. Mr. Smith ought to draw a picture or business graph of that feat. One hand on the religious single track text book, on how to reestablish the faith, crucified in children by parents hurrying off to their cups, and the other hand stretching up to the material interpretation of a God, betokened by a composite photograph of the last twelve popes smug and begoggled. Possibly he had the book open to the sexual intercourse frequency schedules laid down to suit the appetites of their inscribers in this undeniably euphonious and melodious masterpiece of literature, whose legislative dogma has been brooked, despite itself, in the shadow of the vantage point seized by its ‘‘law givers’’ beneath the great overwhelming tree of living love.

581 AN ECONOMIC SERVICE MACHINE VS AN EVER CORRUPTIBLE LEGISLATIVE REGIME

582 Hoover can graph out and make a reasonable picture, of his plans for the subordination of the machinery of government, to the best interest and service of industry, which economically sustains living souls and has nought to do with tinselled saints. He doesn’t resort to religious invocations of political partnership. Unlike the Kaiser he has made no treaty with Gott. He is used to providing three meals a day to starving nations, which to those who have even managed a sizeable banquet, or company picnic, for one single meal, but an infinitesimal fraction of the hordes fed by Hoover, will appreciate, as a great and grave experience. The very liquor legislation that Smith promises to fight, with legislative tit for tat. is none other than that born of the same fanatical religious zeal. The politico-religio interfering morons, who. in the absence of the fighting portion of the population, effected such regulatory measures of human activity. unfortunately in the latter’s name, may be remembered as also, having ‘‘one hand on the bible and the other reaching up to God.’’

583 Hoover says of farm relief, liquor, et al, ‘‘have faith in me’’, that is all. There is neither false pride nor gilded decoration to his program, ‘‘1 will do my reasonable best but may make no promises.’’ Under Hoover one may count on less legislative arbitration and interference, and more enlightening research from the Government than has ever been produced by an administration before. He will make the greatest president the country has ever had, bar none. It had been hoped by 4D, prior to consideration of his nomination, that Hoover might be available to head its industry, instead of having to accept a politically contaminated job. but his help will be found in the honest cooperation of governmental machinery.

584 POLITICAL OR LEGISLATIVE FORMULA STATIC AS ALL MATERIALISM

585 Success of the Smith forces, of Dis & Dat boys, headed by the brown derby, Corona Corona statesmanship, would mean great and greater legislation, of which regulatory arbitration orgy Smith is a master of the formula, his prowess with which, is tooted amongst the short sighted as an actual asset. It is hard to conceive that serious decent people could stomach such raucous toughness under the guise of a ‘‘spotless political record’’. The Virgin Spotless may not be a bedfellow to Politics, and hold her pristine reputation with thinking people. The only machinery with which Smith is familiar, in this day of machinery and economics, is that of the political machinery of Tammany Hall, which rather than being productive is merely inductive, of votes. Picture the lack of character and inherent lack of decent sensibilities, that starts its political career as a process server. Genuinely try to acquire the mental angle of anyone who will take a job like that, and who could carry out its mean relentlessness so well as to attain for himself the political foothold that terminates in a presidential nomination. Don't excuse it by saying someone has to do these dirty jobs. That is like the argument that someone has to be the electrocutioner. What you would not do yourself do not hire others to do.

586 NO BLAME ON ANY CONTEMPORARY

587 ONCE AGAIN 1 MUST REMARK THAT THOSE PEOPLE WHOM I DISCUSS SO CRITICALLY ARE IN NO WAY LIABLE TO THE MALICE AFORETHOUGHT CHARGE, PARTICULARLY POOR SMITH WHO AMBITIOUS AS THE NEXT, AND PAINFULLY IGNORANT, HAS BEEN CHOSEN BY A SCHEMING FEUDAL GOLD MINORITY, POSSIBLY RECOMMENDED TO THEIR MONEY COLLECTING SENSIBILITIES, BY HIS PROCESS SERVING AND SHERIFFING. THEY AS MATERIAL ENDALIST ‘‘BELIEVERS’’ ARE EVEN EXEMPT IN THEIR SELFISHNESS, WHICH IS 1/2 HEREDITY AND IGNORANCE AND 1/2 CIRCUMSTANCE OF THE GREAT PROGRESSION. THEY ONLY PARTICIPATE IN THEIR ACTIVITIES AS THEY ARE THRUST BEFORE THEM THROUGH HABIT OF CUSTOM AND STUPIDITY. TO RECOGNIZE THE FAULTS OF THOSE ABOUT US, INASMUCH AS THERE CAN BE NO TEMPORAL PERFECTION, IS ABSOLUTELY JUSTIFIABLE, PROVIDED CREATIVECUREOFA MECHANICAL AND ECONOMICAL NATURE MAY BETENDERED, THEREFORE; ALSO PROVIDED SUCH CRITICISM FINDS ORIGINAL FOOTHOLD IN SELF.

588 ABSTRACT ECONOMIC TRUTH, TYPIFIED BY HOOVER UPSET POLITICAL APPLECART RENTED TO IGNORANT
OPERATORS BY DEFLATION BOYS

589 The astonishing thing is that Hoover has actually been swept along into this nomination by the same people who invented the babies' sunsuits, and provided all year 'round fruit and vegetable food for the nation, as well as the national amusement of today-the movies. In this choice they were belligerently opposed by the people of New York, who offer the world only cantankerous yellow metal and aesthetic schools of tailor-made architecture, etc.

590 The ‘‘Republican’’-brand-of-politics-party, upon which Hoover was wished by the vast middle section of the populace, had retained him for the last eight years as a ‘‘whitewash’’ for their privilege dividing activities. They never took his little statistics, ‘‘invisible exports’’, and ‘‘enlightened economics’’ seriously. They thought him a nice quiet smiling person, who, having a good reputation, would not bother them, yet would look well in the, hitherto (politically) inconsequentially thought of, Department of Commerce. So great has been his service in this appointed task, (mind you, appointed), not politically sought, that world economics have definitely profited thereby.

591 GREAT DEMARCATION LINE DRAWN BETWEEN INANIMATE MATERIALISM AND ABSTRACT MOTIVATION

592 Which way this election will go none can tell until the actual votes are counted. Those who do the real thinking and the real leading, do the least vain talking. As far as the world in general and the progression of life is concerned, we repeat that, the significance of this election rests in its drawing of the line of demarcation, forever, between the selfish, feudal patronage, baronial-society-foldarol, stomach-first, elders-first element, on the one hand: and the reasonable, sincerely unselfish industrialists, and their supporting myriad of individual capitalist supporters and consumers, who will continue to subjugate materialism and mystical bunk, to the ultimate support of all peoples of the earth, through recreative economic fair play.

593 Here in the middle west we are on the firing line between these two parties with our industrial mechanism, which the bankers have exploited as a separator, drawing its material cream to the East and leaving its milk to the West. However, milk of human kindness makes a better steady diet than cream. Being reared in the East my allegiance might be prejudiced to its warped, but never-the-less distinctly glamorous aestheticism, were I not completely bound to reason, which knows no sectionalism. From here we may witness the magnetic galvanization to one side or the other, which is breaking down the parties, in a fervor which, by election time, may attain mob violence, but only on one side, for the opposition, being individualism itself, is unmobbish.

594 END OF POLITICS AND SECTIONALISM

595 This election is further significant as being possibly the last on a nationalist sovereignity political basis. We may be calling the event too soon, but none the less the time is close at hand when the products of industry, radio, airplane, and other abstract influence producers, will weld the peoples together on universal standards, in the common languages of the television radio education. As the philosophical pagoda of the orient, and the mechanical skyscraper of the Occident become one and the same in the 4D tower house, distributed universally over the lands of the forgotten graves of mysticism and doubt.

596 THE GOLD GROUP

597 EXPLOITATION OF PUBLIC TRUST

598 Instead of anihilating down to idealism through destruction of all organization, as would be the anarchists declared system, we are going to creatively build up to idealism, through the purging of extant organization of its exploitation fever, materialism, and doubt.

599 This is a common statement but worth repeating: Bankers, not being interested in the public and therefore shortsighted, would never have seen the return to them in such action, and have allowed Ford to shut down for six months to bring out his new car.

600 First eliminating the stock exchange officials who are only subject to the highest praise, for their ceaseless efforts for fair play and no bunkum, and who contrary to the concepts of anarchists, or even the ‘‘banking’’ money lenders of money, not their own, have nothing whatever to do with the price levels attained by the securities or shares, whose open trading field they protect; and going back to the earlier mention of the financial struggle going on at present in the form of the drastic efforts of the money-lenders to re-insert themselves between the natural husband and wife industry and individualism. I wish to point out that the Governors of the Federal Reserve System (who are representatives of the group who have corralled the particular metallic commodity gold), realizing that gold is non-recreative in itself, in fact subject to diminusion by the erosion of TIME, and therefore cannot possible keep abreast of the ever- spherically increasing volume of capital, produced by TIME and FAITH, are making a last stand to hold up the value of their commodity. Rather, they assay to reduce the value of abstract capital to the limited value of their material money, through their legislative powers, originally granted, as we have pointed out, for the purpose of public protection, not for their small minority ‘‘privilege’’. Despite the designed power of their administration they are using their arbitrary privileges in a manner that would be analogous to the Interstate Commerce Commission, suddenly, quadrupling the rail rate on a load of potatoes, coming into Chicago, of the particular shippers of any one given day, to the advantage of shippers of other days, whom we cannot help but perceive as friends of the regulating body. This is exploitation. Exploitation in the language of the street is ‘‘racket’’.

601 The impropriety of their action would be duplicated if the Commerce and Interior departments were to arbitrarily burn up forests to prevent the gratification of the public thirst for news. It wouldn't work and yet it would be devastating. Rediscounts have much to do with the big Gold Group speculator, in New York, but nothing to do with the little speculator, and he is becoming, as a group, the big buyer, wherefore, everytime the Reserve Board hits the market with rates, the public makes it rebound, and will soon pay no attention to the rates.

602 THEIR BLINDNESS TO TIME-FAITH STANDARD AND OBSTRUCTION OF MARKETS

603 There are so many recriminating remarks being made on this subject today, that any on my part would be superfluous except for the value of its application as an actual object lesson in the establishment of 4D. The point being missed by the critics is the actual transfer of the capital standard to a TI ME unit, which has already taken place without legislation, and which has taken by significant coincidence, the research, analysis and design of 4D housing to reveal. What we do today is exchange goods for our TIME. People work so many hours of their TIME, for so much capital exchange value of temporal units. They do this on an ever increasing good Faith basis, rather than on a cash basis. The bankers cry ‘‘if you abandon gold, shares will inflate to the sky’’. They are wrong; people can not survive on expectation, and the open market will adjust itself. ‘‘If we don’t bust this up, credit will be limitless say the bankers, referring to stock speculation. They are wrong. No brokerage house may survive and stretch customer credits beyond economic water line.

604 A GLIMPSE OF THE EVENTUALITY OF TIMEFAITH DEALING

605 That the purpose in recitation of the many criticisms may be born constantly in mind in reading them, it is pointed out that: eventually modified units of the 4D Timefaith share certificate will become the universal monetary unit. They will be somewhat similar to the ‘‘express check’’ in that they are drawn on an industrial instead of a bank, but requiring only the signature of the combo-stockholder-employee- customer of the industrial depository. These checks will earn proportionate compound recreative interest as long as not drawn against. Thus do they become a net essence of commercial paper, time money, and a proportion of universal credit, directly based on the gross good faith of man, as produced mechanical subjugation of materialism, with no exploiting middleman banker between itself and depeopled mechanical industry. In this way it will ‘‘pay’’ to save directly and proportionately, not on the small percentage allowed by banks from their vast incomes.

606 TYPICAL OBSTRUCTIONARY STUPIDITY

607 Mr. Melvin Traylor, variously head of the American Bankers Association, The U.S. Golf Association, and the First National Bank of Chicago, said in a speech, at the opening of the New Chicago Curb market, that the recent stock market advance in general price levels, referring to that of the first half of 1-928. might be likened to the Florida land boom. He said, as if it were an awful revelation, that people were actually dealing on credit instead of on ‘‘wealth’’, he thinking of wealth only in the terms of inanimate gold, on the basis of which my daughters laughter is a debit. He said that he knew no bankers who were putting on the thumbscrews, right about facing in the same sentence to say that they were doing so for the welfare of business.

608 The only business that profits by such obstructionary tactics is the banking business, and at that but temporarily. The real business that of life, transacted between industry and individualism is in no way represented in closely held banking stocks which were removed from the open market lest the public ‘‘get aboard.’’ To actually decry the countries being on a credit basis is typical of the money endallist. It is that for which the world has been valiantly struggling, since the dawn of Christianity, for which we may now see definite human economically recognizable utility. Mr. Traylor can see no wealth in the ample collateral securing the loans, which he and his brethern term as ‘‘swollen’’. The only credit with them is gold, in whose service they have sweated to the detriment of their mental agility.

609 It is typical of the ‘‘tear gas’’ of the ‘‘banker’s’’ unreasoning guff to liken the national wealth of TIMEFAITH units, (which are but faintly showing themselves in comparison to the eventual splendor which they will exhibit), to the Florida land boom, to which they cannot be compared, TIMEFAITH being abstract, and real estate gross materialism; except as to the artificialities, built up by the bankers themselves, in order that they may set forth their gold, which is the same material unit, subject to time erosion, as the Florida lot, as exchangeable, with advantage to the banker, for a nonperishable abstract time-faith unit, on a fictitiously high basis. That is what they are doing, in apparently knocking down, share in industry prices. In truth ‘‘Worth’’ is relative and abstract, and cannot be arbitrarily depleted. In fact they are endeavoring to step the value of their gold up. This is a deception which they may get away with, until people have learned of the time faith unit, and of the actual abstract dealing of the universe, which is really the motivating force, and therefore the economical ‘‘essence’’ to be traded in.

610 Mr. Traylor said that credit should be zero and that an open market adjusts itself. A market completely bounded by ‘‘bounding bankers’’ is hardly subject to the term open. At any rate they made Traylor a Colonel, upon the strength of it, and that ought to straighten the whole affair out.

611 His expressed fear that Illinois property might return to its $400. an acre level as in 1920, provides the more intimate glimpse of the real interests of his material heart, and of the ‘‘masters,’’ under whom he had apprenticed. Whether uttered as a threat against the invisible enemy, ‘‘the public’’, or as a sectional for God, for country, and for Yale, retrogression of proportionment, may never be disclosed. He hit directly on the pulse of progress, when he made that statement, for the progression bespeaks land value adjusted to a tillabilily basis. 4D will put the stamp on that with its land weened housing.

612 The ‘‘moral uplift’’ twitting of the bankers, in their, ‘‘this hurts me more than it does you’’ attitude, as clicking their watches they ring up the rates and sail for Europe, leaving behind the discomforting sign, announcing—

613 ‘‘That the open market for industrial shares—

614 Is closed interminably for gold repaires’’, will be answered soon by the public’s closing the market to the deflation boys. The latter returning on ‘‘the Olympic’’ one of these days will find industrial and individual funds withdrawn from the now useless gold stopover, and placed completely in the brokers hands, for availability in maintenance of a market for its shares, deprived of which it would return civilization at one fell swoop to the dark ages, literally. Mr. Traylor, said that ‘‘Some day, some how, the slack in credit’’ would have to be ‘‘taken up.’’ He is right, it will be ‘‘taken up’’ as the gold scavenger swings.

615 The ‘‘dark ages,’’ as with all history, has been meted out by feudally endowed universities, as the bygone age of real romance and happiness. With them, history, as with all university subjects, has a material stress. While there are books on the subject of deglamorized fact, in history, they have been little referred as too ‘‘dry.’’ For those who wish to know what the dark ages meant it should be written in our history books, how the people lived. It should be stressed that whole cities became actually inundated under their own swill, refuse and filth, until completely buried, other cities grew up above them; that the Egyptian tempes were built by men slaves, flogged at their work, as they built their material stone mountains, whole families suffering and dying in the process, to enshrine the material body, of one tyrannical material endalist, who is just as damn well dead today as he was the moment, what little investments of the eternal spirit he had, left him. it should be written how many centuries later in the ‘‘real days’’ of romantic enlightenment in ‘‘merry England’’, the dogs sat on one side of the table and swill was tossed over to them as well as to those of the millions of human wretch beggars who might for the moment be lying amongst the dogs. It should be recorded how they spat over the table and broke wind continually; that men had to lock metal guards about their wives’ loins when going away, materialism being all that then prevented rape or unfaithfulness; that having one’s children flogged to bleeding by the landlord was without material recourse; that there were no toilets; and that people were literally filthy and lousy, bathing being only a summer sport, not a serious consideration. These are but a few of the life long miseries of the multitude that should be recorded, instead of the well press-agented glamour about conquering heroes, who were no more than drunken bullying gang leaders, such as may still be found in politics. Such as a one in picturesquely portrayed in Chicago in the form of the only internationally known name connected with the housing industry, and at that completely erroneously, to wit, Big-Bill the Builder. Such gang leaders always controlled the border towns. Chicago is a frontier city today and will be so until curbed by machinery and economics, the great civilizers. Incidentally, Bill will be well recorded in history in a prominent position and with as little direct key to contemporary consequences as are the usual historical legends.

616 The mark of baronial property glamour, imprinted in children’s minds, and harbored till mature days, to be gratified as ‘‘life long desires,’’ has continually baffled progress. An interesting twist of fate in this connection, is being revealed in the transfer of capital wealth, accumulated by public-serving mechanical organization, in the form of self starters and breaks for automobiles, to baronial property. In view of the property bust soon to take place, this will decrease the capital wealth of its owner in proportion to selfishly ambitious designs, that apparently diverted a useful industrialist from his successful course therein, making Vincent Bendix now proud owner of the Potter Palmer estate in Chicago.

617 An interesting statistic today would be the proportion of money going to mobile units of property as opposed to fixed earth sections, also a per capita percentage of the total population that owns land, not only in the U.S. but over the whole world.

618 LAUNCHING 4D SHARES

619 In designing and introducing shares in 4D, which will eventually be the greatest of industries, and has possibility of providing recreative interest sufficient to support all people of the earth, we will immediately follow ‘‘our interference’’ in the form of the precedent of the Trans-Continental Air Transport. The latter had no property to back it but the vastly greater public good faith in Lindbergh as technical director, in the president of the Curtis Airplane Corporation as General Manager, and fundamentally the logical- mechanical-economical progression. (Personally I am betting ‘‘The Wad’’ on TAN. There is no more noise about its preparation than the Paris flight, but when it starts it will just as surely make ‘‘The Grade’’). We will classify the profit sharing certificates of 4D as the most highly speculative that can be imagined, in fact we will dwell on the highly speculative nature of them as an asset rather than a detriment; even asking that they be written off immediately as a charitable donation. Incidentally if but one fraction of the capital being donated for time corrosive war memorials were put into the construction of this infinite abstract memorial, in the form of a housing business, that will actually obviate war forever, for which its real heroes have always died, and saving time, support all people, its establishment would be infinitely speeded.

620 Recognizing that ‘‘ethics’’ are but limitation of progress, made by the weak sisters of material property occupation, dog-in-the-mangering to prevent balance of power, flowing to those who are willing to give freely of their ability, we will ‘‘unethically’’ but quite reasonably use all the latest means of advertising publicity to attain distribution of the shares, such as Saturday Evening Post, International Radio Hook-ups, etc. Knowing that the rocket like rise of Radio and Wright are but significant samples of the rapid establishment today of abstract contact business, and but a child's torpedo beside the Giant cracker, 4D.

621 NO SECRETS

622 4D is my own creation, or rather has been revealed through me. We won’t have bankers coming into the situation later, announcing that we have ‘‘balled up’’ our own child. I am therefore, taking no end of pains in the beginning to reveal my every motive, whereby there may be no misunderstandings. Incidentally I call your attention to the dropping of the self-conscious so called ‘‘editorial we’’. Don’t use ‘‘we’’ unless ‘‘we’’ are actually meant. Use ‘‘I’’ for self pronouncement, or the complete impersonal. The self conscious ‘‘we’’ was donated to the ‘‘public servants’’ by the morganic tyranny which reserved the omnipotent ‘‘1’’ for the feudal masters pronouncements. ‘‘I’’ now means an individual.

623 1 am establishing the very definite policy of inviting public scrutiny of the most intimate features of development, formerly considered secret to an nth degree in business activity, that the public, which will support the 4D business both by its investment of capital and purchase of housing, may enjoy the romance of development, while it is in process, rather than having the romance of business exhibited to them, as in the past, after it has taken place, when the economic sweet-meat of it has been absorbed by selfish minorities.

624 EXPOSITION OF MATERIALISM

625 After brokers have dumped their bonds, and are on a stock basis, and have to make companies pay dividends, being no longer tied down to any particular land or equipment, and being free of the bonds that underwrote these, they may quickly turn their company interest to any business activity. Organization, or the human mental element, is the thing. Don’t confuse ‘‘human element’’ with ‘‘personal equation’’. The first abstract, the latter material.

626 Horse racing is popular because those who participate in it are primarily materialistic, and they can see their bet unfold itself and get payed cash or lose cash. The policy involved is, that trusting none, they can witness all. These same people do not dare participation in the reasonable stock market. Being ‘‘gyps’’ themselves, they expect to get ‘‘gypped’’. While on the subject of race tracks and materialism, the following from the original 4D manuscript should be inserted:

627 MATERIALISM IN PLACE OF IDEALISM

628 The same name labeling, referred to in the political discussion, is well revealed in relative blatancy to worth, in the motor car field. ‘‘Here worth is synonymous with simplicity, best exhibited in the Rolls Royce. This may be seen in the perfection of motor housing with its plain, logical, watershed lines, plane square radiator, lack of Jake wood gas tank bracing (seen on Cadillacs and LaSalles, in imitation of antiquated European functionalism) lack of motor hood self-conscious flutting louvres, and lack of tin apron over springs and frame. The motor hood is not, as in many American cars, aesthetically designed like a wind-blown bob, or the buttocks of a horse. There is a great philosophy exhibited in the Rolls-Royce design, even though it may be contemporarily supplanted, as the Tribune Tower by 4D housing designs, it was the best at ‘‘its time’’. An American University should honor Mr. Royce with a P.H.D. but Morgan and other university benefactors would not allow it. It might ‘‘smack of commercialism’’ and detract from General Motors. The character of the Rolls-Royce is so functionally portrayed as to need no label, though the most delicate and flatly unobtrusive one has been habitually used. Removal of which would only enhance its value.

629 MATERIAL SYMBOLISM

630 Compare this to the ‘‘men’s toilet’’ type of large enameled sign on the cheap Chevrolet, which changes ‘‘styles’’ so often as to need such a label, with the inevitable reflection that the cost is stylistically rather than mechanically represented. All the General Motors products are this way. They are one after the other stylistically changed to copy the design of their nearest competitor up the scale. They definitely seek to inconsequentialize the latter's character. So did the Buick change to copy the Packard, etc. This goes hand in hand with their sales talk of ‘‘getting a little more’’ for the money with them than elsewhere, an intrinsic inference, which reduce itself to the fallacious ‘‘something for nothing.’’ As the culmination of a year in which they stressed motor superiority, Packard has earned more than quantity production in much touted Chrysler.

631 For years Packard has relied entirely upon the characteristic shape of its motor housing and radiator for identification. Mr. Packard, who had little, it is true, to do with the management of the company, so ably started by him, in his later years, died recently. Coincidentally the Packard Automobile has sprouted a quite unamerican, unpackard, emblem. This crimson baronial coat-of-arms affair, could be no more blasphemous to its character were it a spit ball. Marking its certain decline and fall with its ideal warping inference that its sweat-shop-boss buyer is thereby made a knight of the Round Table, this feudal insignia, insignificant in size, is colossal in materialistic corruptibility. It was, of course, designed to compete with its coat-of-arms-flouting, rolling-vanity-box price-counterpart of the General Motors so lately given its ‘‘European touch’’. That- European touch is lending its note of distinction to a multitude of storage garages, to which they are so endearingly ‘‘attached’’.

632 FALLACIOUS STYLISTIC MARKETING REQUIREMENT

633 As an example of the ‘‘twisting’’ effect on the logical-mechanical-designer’s mind of what he has to do to make his invention ‘‘saleable’’ is the new stamp vending machine, and change maker, in the main Chicago post office. Electrically run and with window displaying the mechanical transaction its truth is set at naught, by a metal overcoat expensively designed to make it look like an orthophonic victrola, in painted fake mahogany striping. Radio makers will show you with pride, that they spend as much for the frightful-looking cabinets to hide the radios in, as for the radios themselves. The sets are damn good looking in themselves, and should be neatly laid out in exposed form, that all may observe and sense their logic.

634 THE INDIVIDUAL ‘‘OVERHEAD’’THAT MUST BE DEPOSED FOR REASONABLE APPRECIATION OF4D HOUSING

635 Again in this material meaningless baubblism is there pointed out another ridiculum which, as a self-conscious-money-waster first, last, and all the time, is almost without parallel: the hat. Leaving women’s hats out of the discussion for there is no reasonable phraseology applicable to S25.00 retailing of 30C worth of material and fifty cents worth of labor—that puts purple flowers, orphelia style, on greyheaded, fat or line featured,old fools, whose halitosis but ill bespeaks the purple sunflowers jammed down over the heads, down through the self conscious gamut of nuts, to poor little silk-haired children who first have these birds nests chin-snapped upon them, with the fatuous remarks as to ‘‘how cute’’. What is more reasonably traced is the hat-wearing-vanity of the male, who so disdains his female consort. This is more important of discussion for the businessman prides himself on his lack of folderol. His hat, as survival of the pioneers sun helmet, seaman’s sou’wester, or combat protection, has in its ridiculous straw or summer superflousness, which costs a town man continuous graft and cleaning tax, been mostly kept alive through its use as a sustinct, but none the less boastful, fraternity, or physical prowess, hat-band supporter. These are symbolic of varying degrees of effete snobbery and clicqueishness. In the most part they are a custom of Eastern United States Universities, wherein original mental development, has been to a vast extent supplanted by social grouping, primarily parentally controlled, in direct economic-selection relation. Jazzed up with physical, or material, competition and horse play, this hat-banding, which obviously has called for hats, by dint of the sole distinction of age of the institutions wherein it is found, has been, by ‘‘fashion racketing’’ businesses, ‘‘standardized’’ upon as the thing ‘‘the well dressed man should wear’’, and readily subscribed to by social aping masses. The funny thing to observe is the meaningless patterns indicated by the hat bands, as the original cause is lost. The symbolism of the Racquet and Tennis Club of New York’s hat band, blue with red stripe, being so generally plagiarized, by those who would have no inkling of the meaning of the word, that its wearer is mote likely to be a rum selling racketeer, than the original rum consuming racquetteer thereby designated. As a matter of slang history the ‘‘racket’’ is directly traceable to jibing in night club jargon to the various Racquet Clubs of leading American cities, whose membership, at most time hypocritically highbrow, slips, from time to time, into night clubs and sporting goods houses, other than Spauldings and Wright & Ditson’s, wherein the time period of the game is shorter in proportion to the cost than in any other of their physical relaxations. This quite appropriately is the inevitable goal of all material discussion.

636 LIFE IMMATERIAL

637 Speaking of gunmen protected rackets and our disdain of materialism, when the Governor signs your death warrant it doesn’t make any difference to you whether he uses Hammermil Bond or toilet paper. Likewise the reverse application is true, that the vehicle of the mental conception and design is inconsequential, in the presentation of our life warrants. This is what 4D is, a life warrant, and it is just as true in mimeograph as in ‘‘twenty point old scotch’’ on rag paper from Cleopatra’s nightie. When once published it will vindicate this statement. Probably one of the most laughable material splurges is that of the hand tooled, never to be ‘‘cut’’, first-edition absorption, by ‘‘library’’ decorators, of the homes of the nouveau-riche materialist. These ‘‘publisher’s delights’’ are of the type who purchase dollar and cents accountings of the value of their houses, swimming pools, etc. in the society columns.

638 ADVANCE PUBLICITY

639 PUBLICITY OF 4D BOOK AS FIRST STEP

640 Mr. Silberman, the Bookseller, said he hoped that I would let him know when 4D houses came out. which brings to mind the namesake of Roosevelt, who gave Lindbergh the letters of introduction to luminaries in Paris. None will be able to avoid knowledge of the coming out party of 4D houses. It will be so infectious once it is started, through, the publication of the4D book and chromocronofiles, in advance of it, that it will have the world attention focussed on its arrival. If we can find no publisher who has the guts to publish it, for fear of treading on some advertising clients toes, we will route it around ourselves.

641 4D AN UNWELCOME PRESS SUBJECT

642 The Press will not concede any news of 4D until absolutely forced to. This we can already foresee having taken it up with various members of the Chicago Tribune Messers. McCutcheon, Leech, Woodruff. These men were all exceedingly nice about it. But it seems to have ended there. Don't think newspapers will care for the ‘‘single Truth’’ recognition. The elimination of material emphasis will deflate newspapers greatly, which will be necessary when baubleism advertising ceases. They will keep on with inconsequential politics, horse racing and dance marathons. They can’t help it. They are bound down by trade suppression agreement with advertisers. They tried their best to take no notice of the new Ford, but it ran away with them to the point of their making damn fools of themselves with the public, for not doing so, which would have meant the loss of their market. The only editorial notice they may make, is that which they can classify as ‘‘news’’. The importance of industrial progress, unless that of a heavy advertiser, being ‘‘no news’’

643 The ‘‘building page’’ of any newspaper, which carries the stilted news items about ‘‘clay products found useful for flooring’’, etc., appearing year after year, is mute testimony, being the dumbest page of the paper, of this being the greatest field into which light should be admitted. The building and realty pages are the shame of the American press. A typical instance of this was the reported ‘‘public benefiting’’ move of Mr. Kohler of Kohler, to revamp the old brown stone houses of Chicago to modern styles, for which he asked public subscription, raising a reported $200,000.00 to be expended in a possible 200 bath rooms for Chicago's 3,000,000 population. This was ‘‘benevolent’’ news. Finding it worked so well Mr. Kohler went into politics in Wisconsin. This will undoubtedly jump his plumbing sales considerably. If his toilets will electioneer him into the Governorship he may be able to arrange legislation to force every householder in Wisconsin into washing their laundry and dishes together in his brilliantly conceived mechanical ‘‘earlobe pink’’ stone sink. The latter was an excellent ‘‘advance’’ as first worked out, but now, as is usual, the property boss is ‘‘squeezing’’ it for all the ‘‘juice’’.

644 ORGANIZATION USE OF 4D BOOK

645 4D as will be revealed in the individual ‘‘slants’’, provided by the chronofile, is very complete in its coverage of the basic truths of temporality. Each of its developments, along any given time line, into the realm of our ‘‘specialists’’, (the modern development of quasi education,) may be subjected to the ‘‘color filter’’, of the specialists, drawing out his particular interests from the main body. This practice will be useful, and part of the program of material realization. By the same token, that ‘‘specialization’’ may be retraced to the original manuscript of 4D, for the purpose of developing the coordination of it with other ‘‘special’’ fields.

646 THE ENCYCLICAL MIND

647 4D was written to set down, in advance, our demonstration of the proper development of the encyclical mind in opposition to the customary joint consideration of mentality and materialism. (See architect Cret's article in the Architectural Record, July 1928, on the ‘‘specialists’’ development of the Delaware bridge, which in fact was developed by the common sense engineer, and aesthetically touted by the so called ‘‘collaborating architect’’.) While materialism must ever be subject to greater and greater selection and segregation, as we progress, so must the mind become less and less one tracked, to encompass the organization of things material, subjugating them ever more to mechanical servitude, and inconsequent comparison to the spirit, which is more easily understood under the nomen MIND.

648 So do the children today, until shunted off into ‘‘one track’’ specialization, understand intuitively how to control mechanics, that were a weird wonder but a few years ago to their elders. Compare this to the fact, revealed at many a vocational school, today, that European students of formulatic masters, paroted up to a profusion of discourse in formulatic terms, encompassing apparently the realm of electricity, visiting an American electrical shop frequently stumble over electric motors, and inquire as to what these strange things are. My one year old daughter never has used a stairway, but has ridden 700 times in an elevator. She ‘‘puts on’’ electric light switches, pushes automatic elevator buttons, babbles into the telephone, looks out the window at steam shovels, pile drivers, automobiles and speed boats, and lying on her back in her carriage, observes airplanes almost as frequently as the birds. Had I the ‘‘price’’ of a radio she would undoubtedly be able to work that to some extent, for she already says ‘‘daddy’’ over the telephone and listens for her answer. Abstract contact.

649 PATENTS AND ABSTRACT ORGANIZATION VALUATION

650 If our patents are worth a farthing, they are already worth many millions. Our designs already logically and reasonably may be expected to save the world billions of dollar-hours. They are already reasonably estimated to have a potential net value of ten million. These patents plus, the research, analysis, and design of organization and practice, which have been made would seem to be as promising as any industrial proposition ever revealed. To self-consciously underestimate the value of 4D, would be to deny its very strength. Worth being abstract 4D, has, through thought, attained this value.

651 PROCRASTINATION

652 Non-procrastination in carrying out the schedule to the letter, inasmuch as procrastination means wasting of TIME, is the key to success and control of this industry. That such an industry is to be established is beyond question. Who will dominate and control it depends on the ability not to waste TIME.

653 TIME WAITS FOR NONE.4D AND THE AIRWAY INDUSTRIES

654 Properly informed, the public investor will realize that 4D decentralization is the key to airway establishment, in fact with 4D airtransport will be a common necessity.

655 One fraction of the money spent in chasing polar nuts and publicity seeking ocean flyers, diverted to 4D experimentation, will make possible spotting 4D houses all along the lines of the natural airways throughout the land areas of the Globe. Particularly is this so over the natural Arctic crossing. This will provide living protection for enforced or purposeful landing that will do more for aviation than any other unit today. I mention this here as its relationship to Transcontinental Air Transport is more than by virtue of financial set up, their interests are identical. With proper discussion of 4D with those entrusted with the formers progress, 4D's realization as a necessity to aviation will be evident.

656 DISTRIBUTION 4D SHARES

657 In consideration of the many circumstances attendant upon its ‘‘debut’’, complete and unqualified division of the capital value of 4D has been made into 1,000,000 profit sharing units, to be credited by certificates bearing the registration of amount by the transfer agent. A certain small portion of these small, and as simply as dollar inscribed, certificates, are being distributed to those who formerly backed me, for faith in me as an individual, in another enterprise, of which I lost control, in the bosom of the ethics fog. Another portion is going to those who backed the original activity of 4D. The balance is being held by A. H. Fuller, Treasurer of 4D, and majority owner of the patent rights, for future use in the establishment of 4D, as the course of time may necessitate.

658 MARKET FOR SHARES

659 With proper publicity attendant, the subscription of a million 4D shares at the outset, though but a fraction of this will be at first released, is a reasonable assurity. A S100. bet by one out of the 130 million citizens of the U.S. alone, rather than being beyond the realm of imagination, is rather timid. This does not take into consideration a European offering, where, with the depersonalizing advantage of distance, it is going to look very attractive, Europe being already attune to the housing crisis. (See Fuller-Nelson letter).

660 NO INCORPORATION

661 We are not limited by adjustment to silly, ethical, or legal consideration about where it is best to incorporate, Ohio or Oregon, or even Kentucky, thus waiving the Colonelcy ‘‘surprise’’ that comes in the latter package. Such a choice of a proper point in which to incorporate, is as silly as where you are to be divorced, Yucatan or Jersey City. Does it make any difference where, if you don’t love your wife? Inasmuch as we are not going to try to get away with anything, which is apparently a usual business consideration, (See any belabored incorporation by-laws, etc.). We are not going to incorporate. This is unnecessary. The whole spirit of incorporation is that of legislative protection and evasion of real liability. 4D will have no legislative or materialistic political plum tree to shake.

662 A DEPARTURE

663 It may be suggested that it is unethical to sell shares in a non-incorporated or non-trust indentured enterprise of such abstract entity. While the players are different the plot is the same in recounting that the architects in the East have been ‘‘ethically’’ under agreement, not to advertise on their construction jobs. They will probably be glad of it in view of the 4D change, but this is an indirect result, for they only so refrained from jealousy. They were afraid with the prominence of the large city building that one architect might corral all the work. If this had happened we might now have had the4D cure with multi-millions of dollars saved. Such an architect, so universally recognized, would have had to be progressive, or bust, just as billionaire Ford, had to get out a new car.

664 LICENSE ABSTRACT ASSET NOT SUBJECT LITIGATION

665 4D, an impersonal abstract business, is the exclusive licensee, under the patents, for their life, exempt against forfeiture under any contingency, other than bona-fide (isn’t it ridiculous that in business today we must designate that which is bona-fide), disuse and bankruptcy.

666 This ‘‘Bona Fide’’ necessity referred to is typical of the personal equation misunderstandings, which with inception of 4D Stock Exchange machines, 4D mechanical marketing principles, etc., will vacate a large percentage of the city office building space, so largely occupied by law offices—the occasion, not the lawyers themselves, a disgrace .to Humanity. We need a modern Dickens writing for the movies, though consistent with our concepts. Economics and Mechanics, the gold dust twins of progress, will rapidly clean this up with 4D housing. There will be little recourse to municipal courts over furniture bills and the rest of the accessory mess, in the decentralized 4D days to come.

667 The trust indenture, governing the patents, imposes the requirement that the 4D patents, being a distinctly abstract concession of mankind, to any who will think progressively for it, shall never be an asset in bankruptcy proceedings.

668 INEFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION

669 As demonstration of the futility of uneconomically and mechanically backed arbitration is the present Kellogg Peace Pact, or breakable-as-you-please-plan, which only confirms the fact that we are now at peace, which anyone knows. It is rather after the psychology motif of ‘‘how prosperous we are’’, being sung fur the political advantage echo.—Suddenly Kellogg has been cracked behind the ears by someone asking him ‘‘How about congressional ratification of this?’’ It would be wonderful if the many wounded nations were to forget that another American, not just a Secretary, but a war-time President, assembled them all before, under a far more humane League, to which they all finally subscribed, only to have the ‘‘U.S.’’ Congress, turn down its participation. Congress, its ears attune to the nearest, loudest, and most material noise, having been lobbied and bewildered by the Deflation boys, the United Master Gold Workers, the Flesh, Fertilizer, and Bouillion Cube Venders, and the Amalgamated Congressional Contacters, rang the curfew of ‘‘incredulity.’’ This is mentioned lest its coincidence with the 4D economic peace obscure the latter's truth, at a later date, with loss of value of the object lesson.

670 THE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PURSE STRING.

671 THE TIE THAT BLINDS, AND BONDS, AND BINDS.

672 Here are some fine points. Watch closely. They are those of the fallacies in habitual surroundings. They bespeak those close to all of us. They must be explained here to make the whole of the materialism vs. abstraction subject clear. If I might confine this criticism to myself I would prefer it, but 1 have never, thank heavens, been a ‘‘private banker’’. You mentioned in conversations, the investigation of some industrial unit, what unit makes no difference, the fact that Brown Bros. & Co. had made the survey. You said, ‘‘They being one of the oldest and best’’, etc. To this reference I wish to point out, in no way denying them to be one of the oldest and, contemporarily to their hey day ‘‘best’’, that they are typical of the forerunner of the international-gold-group bank and not analogous to the present day brokerage house. I choose them for discussion from amongst a number of the old ‘‘private international bankers’’ because I know more about them, than the others. They are tied up in any number of material equations. Mines, ranches, quarries, antiquated New England cotton mills, etc., etc., etc. With absolutely no malice toward them, and in as much as Mr. James Crosby Brown, a most estimable man, is my wife’s uncle, I am loathe to have to point out that they unwittingly are responsible for much of the ‘‘good old’’ idea, which slants the progression back to feudalism.

673 Mr. Brown is a patron of the ‘‘old’’ arts. In no way being alone in this he is quite exempt of individual criticism. These however, outside of museum exhibition, for the sake of exhibiting the great progression, and the characteristics of the loving care, of inspired thought, wrought into them, should no more be indulged in, as an ideal creating precedent, (which the activities of any prominent public person must be), than the asininic activity of Henry Ford, already mentioned, in seriously attempting to revive folk, or feudal peasant, dancing amongst the country people. The country people only do it because they are frightfully impressed by Mr. Ford. He always learns by the go-wrong-first-you’ll-be-stopped method. He has ‘‘the guts’’ to get there however, which is ‘‘faith.’’

674 As an instance of the harm that comes of prejudicial property ownership by a ‘‘banker’’, as opposed to a broker, who should be free of any property entanglement, the following is exhibited. Mr. Brown is related to both Mr. Hewlett, the architect and to William Adams Delano, also an architect, in fact considered the best of private country residential architects in New York. Mr. Delano and Russel (Walcott) are of the same type. That’s how fine I think Mr. Delano is. Monroe Delano is a Brown Bros, partner.

675 Mr. Monroe Hewlett, my father-in-law, is past president of the Architectural League of New York, Director of the New York District, and first vice-president of the American Institute of Architects; president of the Mural Painters, (the American Society of such famous painters as Savage, Blashfield, Covey, Ezra Winter, the late Abbey, etc.). He himself executed such murals as the ‘‘constellations’’ ceiling of the Grand Central Station in New York, the building of Solomons Temple in the Masonic Temple, in Brooklyn, etc., which building he was the architect of. He has built at least a dozen of the largest hospitals in and about New York. He has, in his great studio, made much of the scenery for Barrie and Maude Adams, for Metropolitan Operas, for all the famous New York Beaux arts Balls. He, as one of the leading official critics of Fifth Avenue window shops, as a heritage of his decorative work of Fifth Avenue, when during the war, it was ‘‘the avenue of the allies’’, where parades were given to start great foreign loans. Mr. Hewlett, an old member of the New York ‘‘Coffee House’’ and original ‘‘digressionist’’, is one of the most characteristic of the New York architects, though beyond most of them in his maleability of mind. That you as a banker, whose father is a leading steel man, have never heard of him is exposition ‘‘degloribus’’ of the aesthetically-stifled, tailoring, infinity-of-meaninglessness, of the present building world. Mr. Hewlett even won the last architectural competition for the Department of Agriculture Building at Washington, only to lose his prize, and terrific costs to boot, to a legislative allocation, of all such work to department designing, wherein half baked draftsmen copy the archaic copying of private architects.

676 Mr. Brown's ‘‘interests’’ then must reflect themselves considerably on these designers, who should be creating their work as a logical solution, not on the basis of ‘‘using up’’ of some material for the sake of its owner. However, we note a church whose nave is designed in Virginia Alberene, the grey blue stone, formerly used so much in the cheaper public toilet rooms. The Virginia Alberene Co. belongs to the Brown Bros. Again this is no isolated peculiarity. It is ‘‘the thing’’ in architecture, as practiced.

677 The reason of its being ‘‘the thing’’ is, that, the men who have been sent to the Beaux Arts to study architecture, in this day of specialization, have been primarily the sons of rich men, tied up in such very properties, who alone could afford the extraordinary-superlative-supergraduate extension work, that took them to Paris for at least 4 years study and a successive many years unprofitable ‘‘apprenticeship’’. Further the scholarship men have been picked by the most exquisitely ‘‘so’’ of this fraternity, and have naturally been picked for their aptitude to their critics formula. The architectural practice of the country devolves about this coterie. Mr. Brown, for instance, quite naturally ‘‘suggests’’ to those who apply for a building loan that they get so and so to do the designing. So and so, pleased, and of the ‘‘aesthetics-first school,’’ designs in the ‘‘suggesters’’ materials. But for the fact of the competition of industrialists, each trying to make a little better elevator, or theater curtain trolley etc., to sell at a better price, which they submit to the most supercilious, asinine, criticism of the ‘‘exterior-first’’ designing architect, there would be not so much as a single piece of metal in a building today; and these, primarily promoted in by contractors, who by using them could make more money for themselves. Never a thought of the public in the whole cycle except to the hope that they will be awestricken with the ‘‘beauty’’. The architects ‘‘renderings’’ always show tiny groups of these speechless admirers. The submission to this ‘‘art first’’ coterie has occasioned the stylistic ‘‘fake coverings’’ of industrial products.

678 So have we been aesthetically retarded to ‘‘staticism’’ in building, that in its ‘‘old Arty’’ way enriches the property owners. The majority of the architects who have not been so fortunate as to be sons of rich men, have, through the economic vagaries of the profession, become related to the bankers and property owners by loan or patronage, with a completely paralyzing effect. For this reason I must temporise not a whit in dealing with this subject, even to the extent of invoking ‘‘relativewrath’’, to free building from the prime consideration of archaism and property palsy. This has so long been architecture’s lot as to be as much a part of people as their useless appendixes. You know that, in a ‘‘banking’’ or ‘‘property’’ matter, Mr. Brown, whom I have never ‘‘crossed’’, and who has certainly never ‘‘crossed’’ me, has rather been pleasantly courteous, would never hold up any of the wheels, of material-percentage juice squeezing, for which it pays them to have private inter city telephones etc., because it ‘‘might’’ hurt my feelings. So can I, perceiving the abstract progression in favor of humanity in general, to be dependent on frank recognition of these facts in self, and those close to self, in no way swerve from the one standard ‘‘all is fair in love and war’’. This is the essence of both.

679 That Eastern Banks, based on materialistic exploitation, are becoming uneasy, is indicated by two Boston Banks recently importing Chicago Bank officers, with the hope of preventing another migration (such as they suffered in the southern cotton mill flight), of banking house prestige. They also recognize Chicago as the natural economic center. This it is, despite the silly ‘‘boom Chicago’’ fluff of the papers, that must make it gripe in many an outsider otherwise attracted to it. Chicago is great, however, not because of its banks, but because of its geography which is a natural science. This fact should be, but won't be recognized by the Boston banker, after the cotton mill fiasco. They will undoubtedly make every effort to oppose progress, in this economic-banking-center business, but it will be to no avail.

680 With the progress of air traffic, and lightening of burden, so effected by 4D as to make almost all freight aircarryable, even the coastal port advantage will be lost to the Eastern cities. The air traffic will go north either to Europe or Asia over the Alaska and Greenland routes, well dotted with 4D tower houses, in which pleasant shelters, landing-field maintenance men will reside. The state of Texas is in a ‘‘strategic’’ position from this standpoint but there will be less and less of the ‘‘strategic point’’ emphasis with air development.

681 I have digressed somewhat, but returning to the basic idea to be impressed upon you, stop setting store by the ‘‘good-olds’’. That is not part of progressive, useful,, capitalizable thought. It is the one handicap I have found in you so far, despite your own desire to be progressive.

682 In talking so much of Bankers, I should make it clear that there.are many groups all of vary ing type. The one ‘‘private-international-house’’ type, which I decry most in this paper, is the Morgan group. The Bank of American group tied up with Bank of Italy and California is of an altogether different Caliber. This latter bank having observed the progression of affairs; to wit the replacement of the ‘‘old bank’’ by the ‘‘investment Trust’’ is justly entitled to its claim of ‘‘being abreast of the times’’. By a peculiar quirp of fate, (and all these facts go to make up the great picture of experience upon which we build), Mr. George Hewlett, brother of Monroe, the Architect, is a Director of the Bank of America. Its move is typical of his rarely and quietly vouchsafed logical, and always unselfish thought. The third and interesting group is the Chase, dominated by Reeve Schley, and an extremely youthful president. They are almost on the point of observing the property scourge, but not quite. Their relations with Russia point to that. Instead of learning from Russia however, they inveigled them into a property Ioan or bond issue, which fortunately, for Russia, fell through.

683 Here we come to an extremely interesting point of 4D, and its housing, its recognition of children as primary, and its gold or material-free, TIME FAITH trading standard. To best explain this point I will quote unabridged from my original 4D notes to allow of full emphasis of the situation which must be cleared up sooner or later.

684 There is no loss so great as that brought about by the procrastination and loss of an idea. As already- mentioned, this is like the loss of the harmony we sang with such gusto, as we left the theater, which might only be retained by writing down. Otherwise it is gone tomorrow and forever, unless repeated to us by another. Then, per se, it is the other person’s, not ours.

685 LIVING VS. DEAD BEAUTY

686 An exquisitely beautiful girl, harmoniously dressed, comes down the street. She senses the radiation ol her beauty, glories in it. Ethically we must not even so much as sense her presence, that is, in strict accordance with Miss Emily Post's seventeenth edition of ‘‘Etiquette’’. That we would rather look at her than the deadly drab aesthetic stone architecture about us, implies, to Mrs. Post and her social aping correspondence school scholars, the idea, that those, who would frankly peer in admiration, instead of furtively squirming a hidden glance, have none other thought, than rape. It is the influenza of such ethics that supports the hypocrisy and stifled nature, whose essence of suppression economically supports the ‘‘sporting houses.’’

687 DRUDGE REFUGEES

688 It has been revealed that the majority of mechanical vending machines, for that is all the bodies severed of spiritual consciousness may be considered, thus employed, are so submitted to such short and concentrated abuse, in preference to continual and prolonged abuse of drudgery in the so-called ‘‘decent’’ home. Such a girl feels that she will be, or has been, only a mechanical drudge slave of her household. The luxury (so called) which may be purchased by the high economic receipts of this business, in the self-conscious existence, selfishly imposed on new generations by old ones, is temporal compensation in plenty for the further avoidance of the drudge existence.

689 Such distortions of lives, in the reasonable progression, will be eliminated by 4D houses, when life will no longer be like that of the young bride, who, interrogated as to how she liked her authentic replica of a Greek-Georgian Colonial Cottage, said that ‘‘Between the dishes and the diapers, and the diapers and the dishes’’, she hadn’t had time to find out. Inasmuch as there is no other product of such abstract impossibility of description that could economically extract such high prices as the foregoing, it is unavoidably a point of discussion in the consideration of the high points of social existence which, per se, makes it a 4D research subject.

690 RUSSIA IGNORANTLY LOSES HEAD

691 BREAKING DOWN ORGANIZATION TO SOLVE PROBLEM

692 Despite their ignorance of the economic and mechanical solution of these conditions, through quantity production of standards, and it is only their ignorance of its possibilities that holds them from surging toward their perfectly coincident, and most earnestly sought, idealism, with that of ours, the Russians today have made a great contribution to mankind in their canonization of children, despite the legislative, or social, classification of their method of conception. THERE ARE NO BASTARDS IN RUSSIA today. Children in Russia are the primary consideration, the cause, not the effect, of the progression of temporality Complementary to-this master stroke, Russia, provided with her 4D houses, will then be economically as well as mentally and morally adjusted. Their great group-philosophy of unselfishness born as the swing of the pendulum to their past suffering, as yet exploited by political gangsters, will, with the economics of 4D, be permanently established.

693 Russia only fears economics because of the habitual association ot feudal gold with the mental conception of economics. With the universal TI ME standard recognized, this stigma will be lifted and their great population will be welded together in-harmony with the other populations of the universe. Material money is on its last figurative legs now. When its owners have come to the realization that they may never again exploit industry or the public with it, they will quickly aid the great progression. Not being Frank Lloyd Wrights and Mr. Crams, or Alfred Grangers, they are in no wise ‘‘in love’’ with inanimate material objects, which will in history be recorded as the zenith of materially perverted mentality.

694 Bankers are quick to adjust themselves to new conceptions, with ample daylight on them. They have no appetite for antiquated coal ranges, indigestible gold, or uneconomically designed shipping board fleets. They are only stubborn in their cups, on the night before, making morning reversals that set the market spinning. They will get out from under, taking their loss quickly, which is the least expensive manner to take losses, and dump the damn gold stuff on the dentist’s league or the Jeweler’s union, or possibly get Gutsum Borglum to carve an heroic 18 karat figure of one of the Kentucky deputy colonels, now gracing any banking institution of note.

695 DESIGNING 4D FINANCIAL ‘‘SET UP’’ Definition of Shares

696 The profit sharing certificates represent only a bona-fide proportionate share in actual profits and the great abstract value of organization, and ‘‘good will’’ capital value. This will govern the value of the shares on the basis of interest earning ability, in proportion to security and expectation, which, again, in the matter of expectation, demands nonprocrastination.

697 Procedure First Finance

698 Sales of the shares will be made, in the first instance, by the treasurer to finance activity in the establishment of 4D through various forms of publicity, contracture, book publication, etc., with the ultimate purpose of licensing already established capital groups, whose businesses will become obsolete with the inception of 4D, to activity under 4D patents, all this as outlined in the 4D paper.

699 Making Market

700 Inasmuch as it is requisite that these shares be listed on some public market, requirements for such listing will be studied to ascertain how and where this may best be effected. Trans-Continental Air Transport has as its market qualification only the automatic indirect sponsorship of standard ‘‘interest,’’ participating. The published 4D book, on, its abstract organization basis, and truthful recreative value, will precipitate plenty of action on its shares in any market. In the meantime, an over-the-counter brokerage house market will have to suffice.

701 Consistent with our ideas that the banks as monetary standard lending units, for individual depository and group disbursement, will vanish, to be replaced by investment of capital by individuals in brokerage house accounts for disbursement direct to industrial organizations, via the ‘‘open’’ Market, we wish to set up that idea as a recognized policy of 4D from the beginning. For this reason a brokerage connection is desirable to 4D. 1 am eliminating the word ‘‘banker’’ from connection with your house as improper nomenclature. Brokerage (a good word properly describing the function) must necessarily involve proper fees for overhead-and-profit in well-planned activity. 4D will negotiate with you on the proposition, that your house be made the official marketing organization of its shares, transfer agent, and eventual distribution brokers of its surplus capital assets. It will also be the negotiating firm for acquisition of subsidiaries and general fiscal agent, with accounting and auditing under its direction.

702 This, consistent with the basic principles of 4D, due to its debunking, is so simple, as to be difficult of comprehension. As there will be no secret syndicate profit, over and above certificates given as payment for cost of introduction handling, the profit will have to be made by purchase and resale at and above the issue figure. This also necessitates the making of a market. The shares will also be used for exchange with prospective subsidiaries, as per operations of the Radio Corporation, a modern exponent of the indirect contact business, whose success is only limited by the rheumatic attachment of its management to the master money-lenders association.

703 FINANCE AND MERGER RACKETING MUST BE EXPOSED
AND DEPOSED TO MAKE WAY FOR DECENT ACCREDITING OF
4D MERGING PROGRAM

704 You know, as well as I, that the prevailing spirit today amongst the money operators and large bank mergerers, whose dollar figures under merger are attaining the vertical multiplicity of Shad Roe, in an unbalanced mass, that just precedes a general leveling off, is to take off the cream. The recognition of the time unit will bring this about. For this reason you may mark down in your market law the recommendation to all clients to sell bank stocks, now that the old timers are ‘‘cashing in’’. The spirit of these self-aggrandizing selfish men is to take the so called cream off of various businesses and then get out. For instance those who promoted Auburn Motor Company did so with no prime interest in providing people with a better motor car, or with intent to spread the ownership of it while it was in a promising fruitful condition, amongst the public; but solely to make a ‘‘rake-off’ in the advanced value of its shares attendant upon the ‘‘leaked out’’ information that their ‘‘big interests’’ were ‘‘buying in’’. Incidentally the public faith in an individual, as already mentioned, betting on Cord, an apparently able individual, made possible the passing on of shares in Auburn to the public.

705 The disgraceful deception of the public, by these operators, cannot be avoided as a topic in our discussion of finance, to with the recent public denials of Mr. Reynolds of the merging of the Illinois Merchants Trust and the Continental Banks. Though so adroitly framed as to relieve Mr. Reynolds of any legal liability, these quotations to reporters were no other than lying in fact, and gross exploitation, or racketing, of the public good faith. He did it to prevent the public’s desire and endeavor to participate in the merging process of so large an institution, to be the third largest bank in the world, and therefore very much a public ‘‘institution’’, by purchase of shares, in one or the other ‘‘institutions’’, with natural increase in the shares. This increase quite evidently would deplete the ultimate net ‘‘gravy’’ of the shares which Mr. Reynolds' associates were attempting to surreptitiously purchase. (Since writing this merger and cash divy have been announced.)

706 Self-damning Ulterior Motives In Public Announcement

707 The public is informed via the Press that the New York Central Railroad is honoring Mr. Simpson, President of Marshall Field, by making him a Director of that Railroad, on account of his ‘‘splendid public service in the straightening of the Chicago River’’ (incidentally to facilitate the new Marshall Field Terminal on the river) any cost advantage of which would go to the minority ownership of Marshall Field, not to the public. The public's pleasure at the ‘‘view’’ is little compensation for the tax financed operation. The N.Y.C. was making him a Director, not for this reason, but to influence traffic to the use of that road over a most highly competitive route. While on the subject of the New York Central, it is interesting to note that they have recently authorized in its Board of Directors the issuance of a 550,000,000 stock issue to replace a 550,000,000 bond issue lately maturing. The funny part of this is, that they are not doing so because they recognize the permanent disqualification of bonds as a method of financing, but because they actually thought they were getting away with something in not having to pledge their shirt, saving that for a later day, being under the hallucination that the public is stock crazy and will ‘‘eat up’’ shares in unprofitable rails.

708 Public Subsidy for Private Gain

709 This same Mr. Simpson as supposedly unprejudiced head of the Chicago Plan Commission has lately approved the Subway plans of Chicago, which will pour more traffic into his store, as opposed to uptown stores. In view of the superfluous character of the majority of its merchandise, as well as the progression of housing, as well as the uneconomical value of subways, this approval cannot be looked at in a large way as other than an exploitation of public funds, for selfish gain. This kind of behind the mask ‘‘Sharp shooting’’ will go. In no such way may capital be increased. With the loss of ‘‘local’’ identities, with decentralized living of 4D houses, fire departments will become Insurance company responsibilities and, as insurance companies with an economic stake, without imperiling lives, in which they are also economically interested, they will become excellent fire fighters. The insurance companies will also economically inherit police duties, losses, and vandalism being their direct concern. With an economic stake the courteous service of salaried employees will be a distinct improvement over political retainers bullishness.

710 Fallacy of Wasteful Circulation of Capital

711 You will say why tread on other people’s toes. They might be able to help you. My answer is that no racketeer can help us. For every such misguided business leader there are a multitude of young enthusiastic idealistic fighting men ready to sweep aside the former’s selfish fallacies, given definite leadership. Further, it is a fallacy that money spent on the useless products of contemporary businesses whose leaders are prominent thereby, is well spent, inasmuch as it keeps money in circulation. Money is time and after the dizzy exploitation of such unnecessary products, there is always an overflow of unsold units kept on inventory which must be subtracted from gross business in toto and will be found when not so ‘‘carried’’, to have actually decreased net time investment.

712 Ethics—Aesthetics ‘‘Exeunt’’

713 The Deflation Boys will now have to turn over their coin racket to the Numismatic Boys where instead of being under the guise of ethics, the racket will take the cloak of aesthetics. Aesthetics, in its lowest form is exemplified by the people who say ‘‘I am’’ or ‘‘I am not’’ a lover of corn beef or ham. Above them, but next, rank the lovers of fake antiques, vomit brown marble, and dirt.

714 To supply still another angle upon 4D I am quoting below a report which I wrote of a conversation with Mr. Krakover of Krenn & Dato, agents for Mrs. Rockefeller McCormick, largest land subdivision exploiters of Chicago and therefore of extreme interest in a study of land deflation economics. Mr. Krakover was ‘‘fascinated’’ by 4D. He liked the whole abstract future picture, except for the Utopia idea. He doesn’t want any Utopia which bespeaks milk and honey wash mentality. He wants times of mental anguish. This fear of his is due to a lack of perception of the ever greater mental activity that will take place, ranging from ecstasies of dudgeon to those of exaltation as yet unimaginable. Don’t worry. Hell, as always, will be right here on earth. We are only increasing the mental range in subjugating the materialism around us and removing material mysteries.

715 That mental anguish has, if unjustly provoked, its own great reward, if unselfishly ruminated in for the purpose of prevention of that recurrence, that others may not suffer equivalent tortures, not of their own making, but may be confined to direct mental evolutions of their own. This is the progression of the abstract existence. That 4D was itself a product of material and mental suffering and bastardizing assault on the best of our ideals by ‘‘self’’ and its ‘‘selfish acquaintances’’ is typical of the exposition of this statement.

716 Mr. Krakover also was in enthusiastic accord with the time standard, replacing the gold standard etc. He recognized readily that TIMEFAITH is recreative and limited only in its expansion to the realms of temporality, while gold and doubt are bed fellows and bespeak the material endallist. Mechanically speaking, they cannot increase, but must actually wear away, to join the leveling dust of the past. The only motion of time by ‘‘itself’ is in shrinkage to wit the eroding and tumbling cliffs and hills. Time is naturally self effacing. It is interesting that he conceded this despite his being the advertising man of Chicago’s great subdivision raqueteers, whose economic existence is not entirely dependent upon financial success, else it would brook none so reasonable as Mr. Krakover in responsible positions. It is a business that to survive normally, must be dependent on the most hard boiled of employees. They must ‘‘kid’’ themselves through some religious form of mental adjustment, that to Jorce anyone to buy anything is good Jor that person, even though they replevin the poor victim’s property in the course of a year. Such event they chalk up as a valuable abject lesson to the poor victim, for ‘‘biting off more than he can chew’’. They forget that they were themselves responsible, with many a vacant promise for the mental picture of the victim which seemed to make the deal plausible. At any rate the subdivision racquette is naturally slackening. Krenn & Dato’s 200 salesmen racket off but 10 sales per week. This force used to sell hundreds. This is significant as being synonymous to the same public’s entry into the stock market purchase of abstract property instead of real property.

717 Mr. Krakover said he could never like the rabble, that he thought them incorrigible, which statement was due to his associations with the advertising profession. This profession sees and aims at only the picayune material man. He said that when people had saved up all this time he couldn’t see what they would do with it. That is an easy question for the other fellow to answer for himself, despite advertising council burning up at the thought of an individual making his own choice. Mr. K. said that for his part he was by hobby a naturalist and that the 4D logic in this direction, in mechanically following the natural laws, was marvelous to him. Mr. K. thus answered his own question as to what people will do with their TIME, following natural bents called hobbies.

718 He was, as he said, materially in accord with the 4D logic and he would like to see it put on a selfish basis so that it might the quicker take effect, not realizing that its astoundingly rapid establishment to date had been made due to the fact that it is carefully guarded against selfishness.

719 He said that while no superlatives were used in the book, the facts were so positive, and appeared beyond the onslaughts of reason to correct, that the tendency of the public, in his opinion, would be to throw up a guard against such perfection, classifying it with the perfection of the patent medicine. None have done this to date. Once again, as an advertising man, he is figuring out what the other fellows reaction should be, rather than relying on the faithfulness of his own genuine reaction, for he admitted that he had none of this waryness himself.

720 He, like others, is afraid that its high idealism may prevent its success, and is fearful for its originators direct profit therefrom. That it has the power of eliciting this genuine unselfish thought, from a stranger which it seems continually to do, shows that it is already having the effect sought after.

721 Mr. K. also vouchsafed that he felt the statements about the effects of liquor to be wrong and that the embellishment of the 4D house would be the product of liquor mellowed thought. While this has a tempting suggestion, it has been tried and proven to be a will-o-the-wisp which Mr. K. has had little personal experience with, and was in no wise as capable of judging as others who have gone in for such things on a serious basis. That, and the statement that meat would be discarded as a food product, when proper regulation of mechanical heating takes place, were born despite desire and of vast prolonged and searching reason. Theoretical temporizing with these progressions is futile.

722 FINAL DISCUSSION OF ABSTRACT DEALING

723 Regarding unlegislative good faith dealing, it may be explained that no rules are necessary governing the 3c newspaper exchange of the absent newsboys market. This is a beginning of a great and new era of such abstract action.

724 All this discourse of mine to you is similar to my telling you that I have a coin beneath a certain sheet of paper. If you have faith in me you will know that I am not a poker playing bluff and will grant what I say. Not having seen the coin, however, despite the fact that you believed me, when told it was there, you will forget it, it having made no sensual mark upon your brain, even though I said that you might count it as yours. However, if as I told you, that I had the coin beneath the paper, I had rubbed a pencil over the paper, bringing out its features in crisp relief, you would have been able to comprehend the amount of the coin, its vintage, origin, etc. Upon being told that you might count it amongst your assets, that you would easily have done, it being firmly imprinted upon your mind in this manner.

725 When, as with all people, you will, you become accustomed to dealing completely in abstracts, you will be surprised to look back upon the 4D book which you read with such interest and realize that you needed more than its abstract truth to impress you with its logical inevitableness. With complete self- reliance in truth you should be able to reread 4D and, in conjunction with this letter, be convinced that the only thing for you to do with your TIME is to lend yourself to the material crystallization of 4D, with complete assurance of inevitable high return for such investment of your time.

726 Think of this. Abstract dealing stocks are the good faith essence, represented only by a piece of paper, of a business. They bespeak the compilation of material ingredients into a unit. That unit, fills some material equation, gives abstract benefit—comfort—elation—laughter—security, etc., all abstract, mature developments of what a baby need not be taught, i.e. laughing and crying, etc. Bespeaking all that together, we have a material stock certificate representing the essence of this final abstract satisfaction. The stock is worth and has self-increasing return in the proportion of the satisfaction. I telephone my broker and instruct him to buy so many shares of this stock, which he does. I don't see my broker, may never do so, much less the actual shares. My faith in him and his control of time units is such that this is no longer necessary outside of perfunctory form notices at a later time, not even signed, for notation and accounting purposes only of purchase and interest charges and credits. Eventually will be installed the 4D stock exchange machines, similar to the pari-mutuelle machine idea, in combination with the adding and typewriting keyboard, each key registering a stock and number keys the number of shares, with visual signals showing resultant ‘‘bid and asked’’ prices and quantities, automatically averaged and registered. These will be essential to the multi-billion share days which are coming and for which our present personal equation stock market machinery will be quite inadequate. The conscience constructed mutual agreement of exchange seat holders not to speculate in their privilege lest they lose it bespeaks ultimate impersonal machinery. When this is done, we will no longer need stock certificates to put in socks and bank vaults. People will merely keep accounts with their brokers who will as they become amalgamated, eventually become departments of the actual producing industries, doubt and bad faith having been eliminated from business, as outlined in the 4D book. This is all abstract dealing. No money, no actual contact, the establishment of the broker through good faith time abstract dealing.

727 So long as a man has life he has his own lime, which may be put to work for others, thus establishing his credit with others which may be properly worked into his ultimate permanent competence.

728 In the study of ‘‘Government,’’ the recognized authority of Lowell of Harvard upon English Government and Lord Brice on American Government, is as excellent an exposition as may be brought forth of the value of abstract perspective and the keenness of a transoceanic insight. This same depersonalizing enlightenment will provide 4D, introduced abroad by Nelson to Paris, with veritable wings, in attaining its eventual recognition. Its return to the U.S. from France, whence the American seeks his designing formula, will be in the full glory of an full fledged economically and mechanically established popular truth.

729 Don't forget in wondering how this business can ever get going that Ford went into production on Eagle Boats in less than a year and that they were many times the problem of the 4D house, and were, to boot, improperly conceived in the first place.

730 You must dismiss the idea that we are organizing around a material unit. We are organizing around service, abstract satisfaction etc. The easiest part will be the fabrication of the house. Four years should see 4D in full swing. A small and able corps of draftsmen and clerks can carry out the detail of our organization and recorded ‘‘natural laws’’.

731 When real value has transferred to abstraction, or rather is recognized as having done so, will petty thievery of material baubles be in a great way done away with. Far greater than this the grand larceny racket of the Deflation Boys, who never go to war themselves, but stay at home playing the war games with human lives over material gains, losing material vantage, will cease. You will recall how the Deflation Boys after the war, when bonds were sick, which was a bad thing for the stock manipulations of the Deflation Boys, for bonds were useful in providing the working capital out of which their stock profits could be made, started the damning propaganda which is abstract thievery, against all sentiment or good faith which had been established between humans irrespective of localism by virtue of the sacrifice of millions of lives. Under the guise of ‘‘back to business’’ they reduced capital value to that of their gold holdings and so revived the bond market for what we hope will be its last time.

732 MUST STOP PROCRASTINATION LOSS CAUSED BY REFERENCE TO SPECIALISTS

733 It was a typical banking trick to send me to see Ralph Renwick despite his being one of the best of Chicago's builders under the old conditions. Incidentally I enjoyed seeing him immensely. This will in no wise be a building proposition as of old. The leaving the building to good old Hennessy whose grandfather built the first privy in town is over with. If Hennessy's son wants to apply for the local 4D sales and service station, and will put up the required amount of capital, taking the required quota of houses and parts, O.K.

734 Ralph Renwick happened by coincidence to be a real man but his experience, other than to provide corroboration of the actuality of the problem which Lord knows, 1 need no corroboration of, and to state that he felt my figures regarding same to be conservative, could not enhance our condition today. It is the cure that counts and Renwicks experience had not the components of solution.

735 It is interesting to note how different people such as R. Renwick would like to take up certain isolated units of 4D for marketing. This can not be done, fractionally, it must be all or nothing.

736 Typical of the present building inefficiency to whose representatives you might endlessly submit 4D without enlightening result, was the Chicago Club revamping crash. Though the most prominent club in town, with no limitation to its facilities and with the building standing quiet and still so nothing had to be done ‘‘on the fly’’, this inexcusable thing happened.

737 There is no particular advantage and many a disadvantage to my actually seeing Sewell Avery. The personal contact equation could not possibly throw light on a subject that can be so much more constructively covered on paper. It is only necessary for Avery to make a sufficient study of the 4D subject, and convince himself whether or not he wants to go into it. I f he doesn’t spontaneously, we don’t want him. 11 he does want to, all the details may best be covered with indirect contact, either through you, or by letter, or phone. Let me council you, not to let any despite 4D, because it is still run by one man. That is only on account of its thoroughly thought out, centralized control, like the electrically operated battleship.

738 You undoubtedly are wondering about the outcome of the offer to the AIA, as it may effect our negotiations. Following Mr. Hewlett's suggestion I submitted it to Mr. Max Dunning, Chicago architect, capacity, and because he was responsible for the election of the present president, Mr. Herrick Hammond, who incidentally has read 4D and discussed it with Mr. Dunning. Mr. Dunning said that the Institute would need 3 or 4 years to even bring about its submission as a question, due to the multi-elements of its membership and untractable framework. This of course precludes the possibility of its being accepted by them, though Mr. Dunning, as also suggested by other architects who are interested, advised leaving the offer as a tantilizer for its now inconsiderable duration of 8 months.

739 Incidentally Mr. Dunning’s remarks on the quality of the4D book were extremely gratifying. He said that he had found it absorbingly interesting, and that he considered it a literary work of art, and further that the time relativity discussion was quite equal to Einstein’s. He felt that published it would be widely read. His enthusiasm was released by his observation of the actual patent drawings themselves which clarified what had been the only draw back to him previously, i.e., an incredulity as to the speed and appointments of the house itself, plus a decrease of cost. These things without mental training in ‘‘abstract fabrication’’ are an obstacle to the ‘‘practical’’ or materialistic training of even the most ‘‘reasonable’’ of the English architects such as Mr. Dunning.

740 George, if you can learn to comprehend 4D and get into it with all your might, you, as 4D's broker, will become the most prominent financial man in the world. However you cannot temporize with it, or procrastinate further by submitting it to others, who hitherto have seemed important by virtue of their successes under the old standards. Just as surely as you or anyone, having two apparently idealistic interests endeavor to bring them together, with the hope of resultant amalgamated strength, fail so to do, must, if the attempt has been earnest, perceive that one of the apparent ideals was a mirage. As surely as you said to me, that possibly you had been overrating Avery, so surely did you make this choice. His Gypsum Company is doomed to decease, so long as Gypsum plaster is its Piece-de-resistance. His protracted absence from his business headquarters throughout the summer, on pleasure bent, in view of his company's vulnerability, is poor recommendation to me of his qualification for the world staggering leadership of 4D. Your admission to me of this, insignificant as it may have seemed to you at the time was the critical moment in your career.

741 At that moment you chose the fork in the road which was labeled ‘‘truth’’, never minding that adherence to it must separate your course from the well beaten formulatic track of past business. In adherence to truth which, bespeaking ultimate perfection, may never attain temporal realization, the course of progress must always be the unbeaten track of the unselfish leader of the progression. The things which I revealed to you in this letter, and in 4D, point to the truth and must be recognized, or attempt made to avoid the truth and suffer the ultimate consequence. Get out and abstractly ‘‘big stick’’ this into being, and while the world may never be able to repay you, it will make multi-contribution in that direction.

742 INBREEDING OF ‘‘BUCK PASSING’’

743 The attitude which we find continually displayed by the materially successful man, when any subject of progressive importance is referred to him, that you will ‘‘have to take it to the man who makes a practice of that sortuvthing’’, inversely displayed for instance in letters in the chronofile, saying that all the architect could be helpful on ‘‘was this and that’’ is the devastating one-trackism of ‘‘buck passing’’ which has, through each age, selfishly retarded progress.

744 It is the ‘‘inbreeding’’ of such self-elected class off-shoots of the human family, that as their selfish heart statically desired, have through ages developed the various branches of the animal kingdom, rather than, as has been so disgustingly theorized, from the material point of view, that man has been evolved from monkeys. Man is the first absolute temporality. The very dirty, ashy earth is but the despirited material essence of the past ages of temporality, which, so divested of the spirit must ever remain behind to soil and contaminate, as must all doubt.

745 Be not afraid of the spirit within you. Be not so self-conscious as to deny that you and all mankind have a measure of the eternal spirit, even as the man who was so completely unselfish that perceiving the necessity of such a ‘‘demonstration’’ or ‘‘sample’’ to mankind actually submitted himself to torturous death, the lingering horror of which is beyond modern comprehension. The same spirit which infested the body of that man is reborn in you. It was for this that he suffered complete temporal passionate pain. Was it in vain so far as you are concerned. This is the very secret of the recreation of nature.

746 The ever increasing progression of more beautiful Humans, which may readily be perceived today, is not the result of ‘‘Inbreeding,’’ but rather the outward growth of the spirit, ever more beautifully revealing itself behind the diminishing veil of self-consciousness. Children properly housed and recognized, shall live forever. It is declared that until men become as faithful as little children they shall not know heaven. We shall never materially see the dead again. Materialism means nothing but selfishness, seeing things in the terms of our selfish reactions. Our every happiness is their presence. Of such is the abstract value of encouragement. This 4D house is designed as the material straw to break the back of the ugly stone camel who has endured so long without refreshment, upon the sands of the past ages, in reality the dusts of human doubts. This is the answer to the eroding stone smile of the ‘‘Enigmatic Sphinx.’’

747 What Dickens did for the law courts; what Carlysle did for mens clothes (getting us down to a standardized ‘‘Brooks Bros.’’ suit from two foot lace neck ruffs; what Columbus and Magellan did for geography and mythical sea mobsters, what Margaret Fuller did for American literature, the least of which immunifyed it against the Bodenheim revivals of Boccaccio, and the greatest of which was to aid Emerson into his greatest of all philosophical works; we will do for the art of housing. We will shatter forever the archaic business, wherein tile setters still figit together individual 1/4 postage stamp size, glazed mud cubes, for flooring which ‘‘look like’’ moorish mosaics, ‘‘my dear’’; while electric power plants lift whole coal carrying railroad cars from off the tracks, dumping their contents, with the ease of a baby and her sand scoop, into the giant bins, and replace them swiftly, deftly and quietly back upon the tracks leaving the coal to proceed with never a human contact, directly to its furnaces.

748 Almost anyone who has observed and marveled as the hexagonal equilateral triangular progression of the honey-comb, wonder of truth; and the strength and flexibility of the spider web, beautiful to behold; and the strength of a great tree in a storm on its seemingly slender stem; could have developed 4D construction, but the mawkish picture brought to mind of parents and teachers explaining the mysteries of sex relations, in the terms of bees, and other of the perfections of natures wonders, has revolted us against the most commonplace of its presentiments, for fear of involving ourselves in some such jaundiced state.

749 The 4D book quite evidently has not been designed to flatter any banker, society tin ear, or other material tyrant, into inscribing a ‘‘foreword’’ which might insure a faddish sale; nor was it written to secure a free red ticket to Moscow, to join the mob exploiters ‘‘conference’’ of that vast and long suffering people, nor to receive any minor endorsement of radicalism, but rather, to be the epic of the great ‘‘middle class,’’ which is Humanity. This class is represented by those balanced people whom we ‘‘just naturally like’’, sometimes right, and sometimes wrong. But always, if unthinking, primarily unselfish. By complete self negation, unsanctimoniousness, plus vast experience; with mentality brought into isolated strength, though complete material subjugation in prolonged self-denial, with severe physical training to obviate any material hindrance or ‘‘static’’; it has been deemed that, with the effort to analyse, even greater effort to write down, and once again greater effort still to recreate the design in other's minds abstractly, not just passing them a material souvenir, which any will ‘‘pocket,’’ that universal eternal control of materialism, so observed, first hand, and not in the myriad of literary platitudes, might be harnessed for humanity. 4D is the successful result. 4D lightful tower housing is the crystallization of harnessed materialism, no longer in its useless unworked state; but put to its final and finest use, the housing of children large and small.

750 RICHARD BUCKMINSTER FULLER

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752 HECKMAN |±|

753 BINDERY INC. |§|

754 N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962

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